Labour relations Essay

Labour relations refers to the relations between employers and employees. They are affected by certain factors, including labour organizations, collective bargaining, labour market, government policy, the structure of the economy, labour law and technological change. Since industrial relations are regularly connected with unions, it is noteworthy that in Canada, until the 1970s, a greater part of unions and union members belonged to American-based craft and industrial unions. According to some observers, incidence of strikes has been very high and unusual in North American labour relations. Studies have also disclosed that the frequency of savagery and unlawfulness emerging out of labour disputes has been much higher in the US and Canada than in other comparably industrialized countries. They included the relatively recent development of large-scale â€Å"mass unionization,† a extensive deposit of pressure and common hostility arising from the boundless, extended and very ofte n violent opposition of employers to unions; intense organizational and leadership rivalries among unions; the highly decentralized structure of labour organization and collective bargaining in most industries; and the absence of a strong or dominant labour party capable of gaining power at the national level. The relative strength of organized labour in Canada was also affected by cultural and ethnic divisions among workers, especially the considerable gap between Francophone and Anglophones, which was symbolized by the development of the separate francophone confederation of national trade unions in Quà ©bec. Maintained geographic and political divisions also precluded effective unionization and often set the interests of the workers in one region against those in another. Politically, the labour movement had been divided since the turn of the century, when the trades and labour congress, backed by the American Federation of Labour, ousted the activist knights of labour. Disputes over conflicting beliefs, programs and organizational goals became less intense with the formation of the Canadian Labour Congress in 1956. Since then a lot of unions have subdued away from traditional American-controlled organizations in a drive for national sovereignty. Some are in the CLC and some in the Confederation of Canadian Unions. Government intercession is another factor progressively impacting labour relations. Since W.L. Mackenzie King, as federal deputy minister, presented the  Industrial Disputes Investigation Act of 1907 to curb western Canada’s militant coal-mine workers, governments in Canada have acted to maintain â€Å"law and order† and to protect employers’ property and latitude of action rather than to protect the rights of employees to organize and bargain collectively. This tendency is apparent in a history of expeditious resort to mandatory intrusion, such as back-to-work legislation and obligatory adjudication, to settle disputes. Canadian Labour Laws: Both Federal and Provincial Laws Canadian labour laws cover all employees in Canada with the majority (approximately 90%) covered under provincial labour laws. The remaining are secured under federal labour law through the Canada Labour Code. The labour laws varies from one province to another. Canadian labour laws and employment laws are quite challenging to employers doing business in Canada as these laws are constantly being modified. Furthermore, to these consistent progressions, those employers having business all around Canada, or in different provinces, are concerned to dissimilarity in the employment laws of the various provinces and territories. What can also add to the employment act disputes is the fact that both the federal and the provincial governments can have jurisdiction over labour and employment issues in a province depending on which industry the enterprise operates in. These labour acts and employment acts can be very confusing to new businesses to the Canadian labour environment, as well as for local businesses that are expanding from provincial markets into the Canadian national market for goods and services. The constant change associated with employment and labour law in Canada poses a significant challenge for employers doing business here. That test is intensified by the fact that employers with operations across Canada may be subject to differing employment laws in each province. Canada Labour Code (CLC): Federal Employment Law Canada Labour Law alludes predominantly to the Canada Labour Code (CLC) which is the labour law consolidated under a federal Act, and which regulates work undertaken by the federal government or business undertakings that falls under federal jurisdiction. This Code consists of three parts: 1. Industrial Relations: Deals with the general industrial relations aspects covering the union-management interaction, union official recognition, a difference declaration in those industries that fall under federal jurisdiction. 2. Occupational Health and Safety: Lays out the legislation covering workplace health and safety issues in areas under federal jurisdiction. 3. Standard Hours, Wages, Vacations and Holidays: This section interprets the federal employment standards which covers the conditions of employment such as operational hours, pay, common holidays, time off leave, layoffs, severance pay, and unreasonable dismissals, etc. Conclusion: Unions still have a place in Canadian Workplace. Labour unions engage in collective bargaining with employers to determine issues such as salary, the rules and regulations of labour, and employee security. Unions also take on in political activities on behalf of workers and have historically had ties to political parties, such as the New Democratic Party (NDP). Unionized workers in Canada include industrial and office workers and public employees in government administration, schools, and hospitals, engineers, professors, nurses, teachers, and other skilled workers. workforce are less expected to be unionized in private service-sector firms such as retail stores, restaurants, banks, and insurance companies, because employers in those areas have forcefully opposed unions. Labour organizations exist on a diversity of levels, from confined workplaces to global organizations. Reference JAMIESON, S. M. (2006). Labour Relations. Retrieved from http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/labour-relations/#h3_jump_0 Canadian Labour Laws: Including Labour Relations Codes And Employment Laws. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.canadianlabourrelations.com/canadian-labour-laws.html Canada Labour Code: Federal Labour Relations Act And Regulations. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.canadianlabourrelations.com/canada-labour-code.html MacDowell, L. S. (2004). Labour Unions in Canada. Retrieved from http://autocww.colorado.edu/~toldy2/E64ContentFiles/HistoryOfTheAmericas/LaborUnionCanada060130.html

His work with the senate committee on Indian Affairs Essay

Senator Campbell can be considered as a politician who made the most out of his political assets and political positions so that he can make a difference and contribute especially to his own culture, tradition and heritage. Proof of how he pursued areas focused on his own culture is his efforts and success in becoming the first individual with Indian ancestry and heritage to act as chairman of the Indian Affairs Committee . Senator Campbell was an important politician particularly in the Senate Indian Affairs Committee. This particular committee was something that he served in as chairman for several different years. His first years serving as chairman for the Senate Indian Affairs Committee started on 1997 and ended in 2001. Before Campbell took this position, it was held by John McCain. When he left after his 2001 tenure was over, he was succeeded by Daniel Inouye, whom he replaced as chairman for the same committee after Inouye’s term was over in 2003. From 2003 to 2005, Senator Campbell resumed his chairmanship of the committee, and when his tenure was over, it was McCain who replaced him. The National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial and Museum Another important contribution that Senator Campbell provided is through his role in the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial and Museum. Campbell, who is a former policeman, has always publicly expressed how he is after the safety as well as welfare of the police officers. This is just one of the proofs of Campbell’s efforts to be able to contribute something to the United States police force. The National Law Enforcement Museum was created in 2000 during President Clinton’s term so that the public can be informed about the different aspects of police work and police life through the displays and features of the museum. The National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial, on the other hand, is important as well because it honors those who are dead but served gallantly as a police officer, giving individuals a chance to get to know more the police officers serving for the US government and those who already served and died in the name of loyal service to the country and to the people . Both of these aspects are strongly supported by Senator Campbell. Because of his work and contributions to making this happen, it was eventually realized. Campbell served as a sheriff’s deputy in Sacramento County. This part of his life attached him intensely to the police officers and to the life of a police officer. He empathized because he experienced things first hand. This empowered Campbell to personally lend a strong helping hand to legislations that can help the police officers and contribute to the development of police officer’s welfare. Actually, Campbell’s authorship of the National Law Enforcement Museum Act, which is also known as the Public Law number 106-492, was just one of the legislations that are focused on police officers since there are also the 2003 Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act and the Bulletproof Vest Partnership Act . Laying all of the things he accomplished for everyone to see, the challenge, according to Campbell, was to follow his footsteps and continue the development of the efforts geared towards police officer safety and welfare .

Health-related program for HLP Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health-related program for HLP - Assignment Example Notably, this gives the user an opportunity to work out their muscles when they are taking a break from the running sessions. During this time, on can do a few reps with the dumbbell as he or she catches breath after having run on the treadmill. Its structure consist of a usual treadmill machine with an extension on the front where one can use to place the dumbbells A user gains various benefits from the multifunctional treadmill such as: strengthening the heart of the user thus lowering his or her blood pressure, improving the circulation of blood in the body as well as protection from blood vessels and heart diseases. It may also be used by diabetic patients on a regular basis to reduce the blood sugar levels. The one outstanding advantage that comes with using the multifunctional treadmill is that it enables the user to acquire and maintain a good body shape. The heart needs to be kept in good condition and status as it is argued to be the most important muscle of the body. Other parts or tissues of the body, however, should not be left out during exercise. The muscle tissues of the arms, as well as legs, should be well maintained to maintain a good stature. The facility has some programmes that enable a user to achieve an improved or maintained health condition in as far as health and exercise are concerned. These programmes are as follows: first it has time location for the warm up period. Therefore, this enables a user to warm up before commencing on the actual exercise. It is an allowance of one minute that the user gets before he or she starts the exercise. Secondly, it has a speed control that enables a user to set his or her desired speed. Thirdly, it has an inclination control which one uses to adjust the treadmill to an inclination that they desire either steep or slope as the extremes. Fourthly, it enables a user to choose the type of exercise he or she wishes to do and

TAKE HOME EXAM for the class ECONOMICS OF RACE AND GENDER Essay

TAKE HOME EXAM for the class ECONOMICS OF RACE AND GENDER - Essay Example people across the world can allow people to understand the facts of life and also allows people to be more sensitive and caring about the differences of people across the world and also within their own society (Bucher). Diversity can allow people to learn about the cultural differences in society and can assist people improve the overall living conditions. The class has allowed us to learn more about diversity and how to deal with the diverse cultures. This in turn is very helpful learn the economic impact of the diverse cultures. The level of globalization and the number of different cultures that are present in the society help create newer opportunities and chances for people to develop links with others and use this as a chance to improve the economic conditions. Hence the impact of diversity clearly has very strong and effective impact on the economics of any society. Working in groups for presentations simply assists the presentation to be improved to a great extent. Group presentations can be very useful as it brings in the individual talents and resources of different individuals of different cultures and diverse backgrounds and make a pool of talent. It also helps in covering the mistakes of one member and allows the other members to provide support to each other in times of difficulties, it also allows productivity to be increased through peer group pressure and helps encourage the members be more focused at the topic. Also since all the members work together on developing the presentation, each person has a personal attachment to the entire presentation. All members feel equally responsible for the positives as well as negatives of the presentation and there is a higher commitment from each member of the group. The main disadvantages of the group presentations is the possible conflicts among the team members and also the major issues of gro up presentations is the possibility of a single person hogging away all the time and credit of the presentation.

Dell Inc Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dell Inc Paper - Essay Example In addition, the third party integration cost is higher than the cost of integration done by contract manufacturers. The US labors costs are higher than that of China. From the figure 6-4, it is obvious that in L5 the chassis (without motherboard) is shipped to the United States first, and subsequently the motherboards are airfreighted to the country (Simchi-Levi et al., p.184). Since the motherboard is not manufactured at the time of shipping the chassis, the company incurs additional logistics costs from airfreight. While analyzing the six of the proposed manufacturing solutions to the Dell, it is advisable for the company to manage the 3PI (3rd Party Integration) directly to improve its supply chain efficiency. When the 3PI is managed by Dell directly, the Dell management can enjoy more control over its supply chain activities, and ensure uninterrupted flow of finished products. Another major advantage of this manufacturing solution is that it would help the company trim down integration costs by employing cheap labor. In addition, this manufacturing option may assist the firm to minimize its dependence on external parties. The potential demerit of this solution is that Dell has not adequate expertise in the integration process and this issue may lead to product quality problems. If the supply chain shortage gets deteriorated, the company cannot manage the situation by simply practicing the option 4 (Dell managed 3PI). Under this circumstance, the organization must switch to the option 3A – Integration at SLC/hub. This option is relatively less complex for worldwide procurement, and therefore it may assist the company to resolve the issue. In addition, the management of supply quality engineering is minimized under this option, and hence the chipset supply is likely to improve. However, the option 3A is not very effective considering the difficulties associated with cost accounting. Finally, additional production control and

Industerial operations part 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Industerial operations part 2 - Coursework Example Smoothness and color are important non-dimensional attributes in the ‘Paper Pro’ punch. Its body must be designed as per customers’ wants and preferences. For instance, if it is to be used in an office, it must have a corporate look that will often appeal to the consumer. The ‘Paper Pro’ punch can be customer-tailored to meet the specific needs and preferences of divergent consumers. Steel is among the world’s toughest alloys and thus used in making ‘Paper Pro’ punch. While plastic might be used in manufacturing ‘Paper Pro’ punch, the produced product might be too weak to withstand pressure that consumers are likely to exert in the process of using the object and is, therefore, incongruous. The basic process of strengthening the lever and punches part is by using harder steel in the process of making these parts. Moreover, it is also to be noted that to strengthen the steel several factors are taken into consideration. In this regard, if the heated steel cools down at a very slow rate, then the steel would be stronger. Besides, another aspect is the galvanization of the parts to reduce the corrosion of the same for greater effectiveness. In the process of galvanization, the steel is dipped into the molten zinc. This results into the formation of zinc-oxide layer in the surface of the parts. After this special zinc paint is also applied to the same to thwart oxidization. In the process of making a better hole punch tools, the steels that are received by ‘Paper Pro’ are more braced. These steels can be used to make the final parts of punches and levers. These steels are now required to be galvanized and hence, make the punches and the levers free from corrosion. The products, which are having plastic as the material for making the lever parts should be replaced by steel. The molder must mold the steel accordingly and electrify it to circumvent it from rusting. For the purpose of galvanizing the parts, an

Manage Employee Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Manage Employee Relations - Essay Example Employee relationship management plays a vital role in the management of issues that could impact the satisfaction of the employees, which might have a subsequent effect on the productivity of the employees and the overall organizational culture. Hence, the goal of effective employee relationship management is to enable two-way communication between the employees and the employers which ultimately plays a pivotal role in mitigating cases of conflicts among the employees. An efficient employee relationship management program encompasses all the issues and problems that may exist between the employer and the employees (Gennard, & Judge, 76). As such, the report seeks to review and discuss three aspects of employee relationship management namely employee communication strategy, employee attraction and recruitment as well as employee induction, training and development. The report also looks at how each of the above-mentioned aspects impacts on the culture, legal compliance and obligation to employees, and the management of risk, conflict, and diversity of Jim’s Cleaning Company. The costs to a business organization due to inefficient employee communication are very high. This is because inefficient communication between the management of the organization and the employees could lead to communication gap which might result in low employee morale and competence of the business. Basically, communication serves four major functions in the organization which include the following: control, motivation, emotional expression and information (Robbins, 328). Therefore, effective employee communication has a strong positive association with employee understanding, since apt, pertinent and precise communication assists in the process of comprehension of corporate strategies as well as goals by the employees (Gennard, & Judge, 2000).  Ã‚  

Advantages of using solar cells Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Advantages of using solar cells - Research Paper Example The environment has become a big issue around the whole world. During the last decade, it started to change quickly. The earth is becoming warmer and because of that, there are a lot of natural problems and disasters around the world.This is called global warming. People on earth caused this change in temperature. Further, people need energy in their daily lives. They need electricity, fire, hot water, heating and cooling. To produce energy that is enough for all of these activities, we need fossil fuels and coal. All the countries around the world use these two fuels to make electricity and to heat water or air. Many rich countries depend on countries in the Middle East to give them fossil fuels like oil and gas to be able to serve their people. Countries around the world have been using these forms of energy production almost for a hundred years now. The people on earth are increasing every day, and their needs of energy are also increasing. The price of making energy in the old wa ys is also becoming higher and higher. In the past, the effects of the use of fossil fuels and coal were not known. However, we now know what we are doing to our world and to our future generations. Therefore, we have to do something to change this. Many countries and governments have started to look for new technologies for energy production. These new energy technologies should be good for the environment. They should not make our problem worse and they should be cheap. One of the new energy technologies is solar energy.... For instance, nuclear plants, which are referred to as a clean source of energy by some people, produce waste that is very harmful to human beings and the environment. The United States actually faces a serious problem because there are no facilities to store and process nuclear waste. This will be a problem in future as more and more nuclear waste is stored in the nuclear plants themselves. Coal fired plants also produce ash waste that is very dangerous to the health of human and animals. Some of this waste was used in the past to produce building equipment, but these products were found to be harmful as well. Moreover, even hydro plants can make problems for the wildlife and put waste into rivers and lakes. On other hand, solar cells only use sunlight to produce power. There are basically no byproducts or waste from the solar plants. The only waste may be in the form of damaged solar cells. However, the damaged solar cells are usually reprocessed to produce new cells. For example, Doug Smock wrote â€Å"Solar Plane Takes Flight† in 2010 in Design News to show the first solar airplane. The author shows how the airplane was built using over ten thousand solar cells to power it and reduce waste from fossil fuel airplanes (Smock 45). This is an example of how solar cells can be used as an alternative clean energy source as compared to fossil fuels. In addition, pollution from the old energy sources has become an important issue of debate as many scientists have confirmed that our planet is warming very quickly. Solar cells give a good solution to the issue of pollution because they produce no emission into the air. â€Å"Solar energy is one of the cleanest energy resources that does not

Implementation of a Communication Tool Kit To Enhance Communication Research Paper

Implementation of a Communication Tool Kit To Enhance Communication Between Healthcare Providers and Patients - Research Paper Example For the purpose it is important to improve or reduce the communication gap between healthcare providers such as physicians and patients. This will be beneficial for both physicians as well patient in improving the medical practice. Physician learns how to deliver bad news such as suffering from cancer to a patient, understanding the emotions of patient, helping them regarding decision-making such as signing an informed consent for a clinical trail. On the other hand the patient feels comfortable and understands the treatment strategies with confidence. The protocol as discussed by Stephanie, Anthony, Susan, and Susan (2002) is depicted in the Table 1. As reported in a publication Elliot et al (2006) a study was conducted by the American College of Physicians Foundation (ACPF) and the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) from 2002-2005 regarding implementation of Information Prescription (or "Information Rx") Program. According this study internet with proper health websites can be a useful tool for improving communication between physician and patient. In this the ACPF and NLM recommended the physicians to encourage patients to visit the evidence based and health informative website MedlinePlus.gov. The physicians were provided with Information Prescription (or "Information Rx") pads. These pads were used to provide the information regarding the website the patient should visit in order to get clarity about the treatment apart from the regular prescription. In the protocol the promotional materials kit that was mailed to physicians of the American College of Physicians (ACP) as per the two project pilot states of Iowa and Geor gia. The contained the Information Prescription (or "Information Rx") pads along with supplementation of room posters and bookmarks for the waiting room. Two comprehensive evaluations were done the first one included the survey of pre and post-intervention Information Rx mail, performing telephonic interviews and using web log analyses. The second comprehensive evaluation included non-random selection of ninety-two physicians by ACP foundation to encourage the practices for the use and visit of website MedlinePlus.gov. It was concluded from the study that physician and patient communication gap was improved with use of Information Rx pads. The physicians found that MedlinePlus is a useful website in promoting the patients self efficacy, understanding the treatment procedures, believing on the physician more and reduced the time needed to spend to patients by a physician. On the other hand the patients were able make better health decisions, able to communicate and understand the tre atments and concept regarding the disease.In other study as suggested by Bauer (2010) Probability-Utility Model was studied as a model for improving communication between healthcare providers and patients. The model

The Impact of using New Technology in Art Exhibitions Dissertation

The Impact of using New Technology in Art Exhibitions - Dissertation Example The traditional exhibition industry has been altered with the addition of technological dynamics. Technology in this field has not only enhanced the emotional expression of art but also made networking more efficient. It has affected the way viewers observe and appreciate art and exhibitions. It has even widened the spectrum of viewers by creating the interest of more and more people. Advancements in technology offer many benefits to the museum industry but these benefits are accompanied by challenges as well. The plans of Minsheng Art Museum can shed some light on the impact of modern technology on its business. This impact may not necessarily be for the best and this will be analyzed later in the paper. Technology has greatly influenced our lifestyle and will continue to do so in the future; therefore, its impact cannot be ignored. Minsheng Art Museum has introduced several innovative methods in its business of exhibitions. These technological methods involve the use of Ipad, Itouc h and Iphone and their relevant applications. Moreover, the museum’s management has initiated contact with Apple to promote its business and Apple has orally assured its support. This cooperation will give birth to a fully digital art gallery that will include guidance system, app client software, on-line exhibitions and virtual exhibitions. This plan is still in the early stages therefore the precise details are unavailable. However, the museum has already started using official micro-blogging. The idea of using the cellular technology springs from the growing interactive relationship between the audience and their high-tech cell phones. The experience of art galleries and exhibitions can be encompassed in this user-phone interaction and that it how it will be promoted among cellular users. Cell phones have become more personal in nature in this modern day and age. Moreover, they do not just serve the purpose of establishing contact with fellow humans. Cell phones have now e ntered a whole new era where they have become high-tech machines. These machines hold great importance to their holders as they represent their personalities. Cell phones have become so advanced that they can even serve the purpose of a mini computer. All of these attributes make cell phones the ideal candidate to promote art and history. Museums have the opportunity to use this technology to provide their audience with a virtual experience of what they have to offer. Apple products have become extremely popular among the youth as it offers a wide range of applications. These applications present a great opportunity to exhibition curators. Museums can use these applications to spread their message. This message in turn promotes the museum and attracts more people. The museum has resorted to the use of online social media for marketing as well. Facebook and twitter could not be used in China so that is why the museum uses Weibo which is an online social media website like Facebook. T he museum promotes its exhibitions through Weibo. This is similar to the use â€Å"What’s app† in Iphone. Iphone or Ipod applications can be used as navigator for the exhibition. This technology is already available in Iphone but the key is to know how to use it to promote this business. These applications can serve their purpose by helping the audience make up their opinion about the exhibition. The museum can provide information on the content of the exhibition on such Iphone applications. This was the audience can

In the lake of the woods Essay Example for Free

In the lake of the woods Essay I believe that everything that happened in the story is an effect of John’s sufferings. We can say that John is the real victim in this book. The story tells us that John, as a child was frequently abused verbally and physically by his alcoholic father, whom to other children seemed the perfect father. John then turns to his fantasy of being a sorcerer in order to treat himself from the abuse. According to Penn State Children’s Hospital, over the long run, abused children are more likely to use drugs, become sexually promiscuous, have low self esteem, exhibit extremely passive or aggressive behavior, have difficulty with interpersonal relationships, perform poorly in school, have frequent nightmares, and experience depression that can lead to attempted suicide. These may explain how John became a not-so normal adult, who now believes that he is in fact, the sorcerer. In one long-term study, as many as 80 percent of young adults who had been abused met the diagnostic criteria for at least one psychiatric disorder at age 21 (Child Welfare Information Gateway). Kathy’s disappearance provides us a venue to think of what John could have done. O’Brien, the author of In the Lake of the Woods, lets us readers decide. In a human rights point of view, I firmly believe that child abuse has immeasurable effects as proven by the statements above. A physically abused child may become as violent as his oppressor or even more. With this, I can say that John’s psychological health was affected and this is why Kathy, his wife disappeared. It can be that John, spilled hot water over Kathy when he said he poured the boiling water on the plants. It only manifests that John has violent tendencies. John’s psychological health may have also been deterred by his participation in the Vietnam massacre. He is guilty of his In the Lake of the Woods page 2 participation and is trying to erase the thought by moving to another place. And his plan did not work. We can say that John may have murdered his wife and plans to kill himself afterwards. John’s human right was violated as a child and come his adult life, he has done the same. Keeping human rights in mind, this is what I think happened in the story. This is not exclusive to the book but is also prevalent in today’s society. Wars are waged because someone’s human rights were stepped on, fathers hit their spouses because they were also abused by their fathers. It only says that human rights violation is a disease. It is a social cancer that leads to death and violence. The book tells us how human rights play a role and that it is not just a set of rules but a law that protects our lives and our future. Bibliography â€Å"Long-term Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect†. Child Welfare Information Gateway. 9 December 2006. http://www. childwelfare. gov/pubs/factsheets/long_term_consequences. cfm â€Å"Child Physical Abuse†. Penn State Children’s Hospital. 9 December 2006. http://www. hmc. psu. edu/childrens/healthinfo/pq/physicalabuse. htm.

Motivation Letter Essay Example for Free

Motivation Letter Essay I am new to this forum. While searching for samples of motivation letters, I came across many threads on this forum regrading this issue. I am a Syrian student, and this scholarship is so important for me because I can no longer complete my studies in Damascus. In the ranking criteria of this scholarships, the motivation letter has 20% of the application grading scheme. For this reason I need to make it as good as possible. Unfortunately I am new to writing this kind of letters, so I hope for some help. To make my letter clear, I just want to tell that the host university I chose is Technische UniversitÃÆ' ¤t Berlin. I am allowed to write up to 4000 characters. Here is my letter, â€Å"Where there’s a will, there’s a way,† one of the best proverbs I follow to achieve my goals and ambitions, starting from my early teenage. Since I was a student in the intermediate school, the major of study I wanted to take after high school was clear to me. Many difficulties faced me, but I could overcome all to achieve my dream in studying the major I want, Computer Science. I used to live in Lebanon during my childhood and teenage, but in 2006 the war obliged me to leave and move to Syria, my homeland. It was quite difficult to complete studying in the Syrian schools because of the huge differences between the Syrian and Lebanese curricula. Yet I succeeded, and graduated from high school with an average of 99.16 percent. In Syria, it is well common that the higher the student’s average is, the more probability the he/she chooses the faculty that requires high averages in high school, usually regardless what the student’s dream is. According to my average and this tradition, I was supposed to get into the major with the highest average, medicine. Yet I chose to get into the faculty of Information Technology Engineering, as the closest major to Computer Science (because this major is not found in Damascus University), ignoring all criticisms and oppositions I received. During the last three years of my study in this major, I gave very hard efforts. But unfortunately as the revolution started, its consequences had a negative affection on my studying and thus my average. Because of the absence of safety and stability, this academic year seems to be impossible to complete. I can hardly and sometimes never able to reach my faculty and attend the lectures; in addition to witnessing an hearing the sounds of explosions during all the studying hours in the faculty. For this reason, I had to look for a solution for this huge problem. The first step to take was improving my skills to raise my opportunities. I started to take intensive lessons in German, since most universities in German-speaking countries require a certain level of German proficiency for undergraduate programs. Still the bad conditions obliged me for about two months to stop the lessons. The second step was searching for convenient universities that offer the best opportunities and fit best to my needs. Through the search, I came across the announcement of Erasmus Mundus Program, which seemed to be the outlet I was looking for. Reading about all partner universities, the options were few because I was seeking a university that offers scholarships for degree seeking students, not just exchange students. Technische UniversitÃÆ' ¤t Berlin was the best choice for me because of the scholarships it offers and my knowledge of German language. Through further search, I found that TU Berlin has a very good rank in world ranking of universities in the major of information technology. All these reasons together made TU Berlin my number one priority among all universities. I want to study at TU Berlin because of its outstanding educational system, focus on gathering relevant work experience, and its excellent facilities. So I am confident of my decision. With many distinguished scientists as professors, I know that I will gain expert knowledge at the forefront of discovery. Further supporting professors lectures are the universitys use of advanced. All these strong positives allow me to pursue my dreams and ambitions. Given my past history of commitment to achieve my dream, I am confident that I will exceed the expectations, because of both my academic and interpersonal skills. I will enrich the program by enabling fellow students and professors to benefit from my ambitious and open nature. Furthermore, my international background will add more diversity to your program. Thank you for considering my application, and I look forward to your positive reply. Sincerely, Luna I like your essay, I can see the determination and will power you have in you. There are just a few grammatical errors which need to be corrected. â€Å"Where there’s a will, there’s a way,† one of the best proverbs I follow to achieve my goals and ambitions, starting from my early teenage. Since I was a student in the intermediate school, the major of study I wanted to take after high school was clear to me. Many difficulties faced me, but I could overcome all to achieve my dream in studying the major I want, Computer Science. â€Å"Where there’s a will, there’s a way,† Personally, one of my favorite proverbs and one which I have always followed to achieve my goals and ambitions? Ever since, I was a student in the intermediate school (do you mean secondary school?), the major of study I have wanted to pursue after completing high school was clear to me. I have faced many obstacles, but fortunately I overcame all of them to achieve my dream in studying the major I want, Computer Science. I used to live in Lebanon during my childhood and teenage, but in 2006 the war obliged me to leave and move to Syria, my homeland. It was quite difficult to complete studying in the Syrian schools because of the huge differences between the Syrian and Lebanese curricula. Yet I succeeded, and graduated from high school with an average of 99.16 percent. I lived in Lebanon during my childhood and teenage until the war in 2006 obliged us (you and your family?) to flee (or you can use the word return) to Syria, my homeland. I was struggling in high school because of the vast differences between the Syrian and Lebanese curricula. Yet, I managed to succeed and graduated from high school with an average of 99.16 percent. - In Syria, it is well common that the higher the student’s average is, the more probability the he/she chooses the faculty that requires high averages in high school, usually regardless what the student’s dream is. According to my average and this tradition, I was supposed to get into the major with the highest average, medicine. Yet I chose to get into the faculty of Information Technology Engineering, as the closest major to Computer Science (because this major is not found in Damascus University), ignoring all criticisms and oppositions I received. In Syria, it is a trend is/ usually/ etc/use something other than well common, that the higher a students average is, the higher the probability he/ she chooses the/a faculty (field/ major) which requires high averages in high school, regardless of what the students dream is. According to this tradition and my average, I was supposed to pick the major which requires the highest average, medicine. Yet, I chose the faculty of Information Technology Engineering, as the closest major to Computer Science (.), ignoring all the criticisms and oppositions I received.

Power Politics And Change In Social Work Social Work Essay

Power Politics And Change In Social Work Social Work Essay Following a referral to childrens social care, the local authority has a statutory obligation to consider whether there are concerns about impairment to the childs health and development or the child is suffering harm which justifies an initial assessment to establish whether this child is a child in need (HM Government 2010: 5.34). Regardless of the length and breath of the case itself, assessments have to be completed within set statutory timescales. An initial assessment has to be completed within 10 working days and core assessments within 35 working days. This essay proposes that removing current distinction between initial and core assessment and the associated fixed statutory timescales for their completion will improve the quality of assessment reports completed by childrens social workers. A development of a single assessment form to replace initial and core assessment form would give social workers additional time to reflect and review historical information collated and collaborate with other agencies before completing the assessment thus improving practice. Although it is acknowledged that there may be challenges in implementing this proposal, this essay pre-empts that this change would give social workers greater opportunities to complete direct work with children and incorporate their views and feelings into the assessment (Munro and Lushey 2012). In the view of the above proposal, the essay explores the influence of the wider national and European policy agenda on the change proposed and explores some of the potential challenges from social work context which may impact on the implementation of the proposed changes. Finally, drawing on Change Theory, I critically discuss how my proposal could be implemented, meeting the challenges previously identified. But first, initial and core assessments are defined. An initial assessment is a brief assessment completed on each child referred to the local authority within a maximum of 10 working days of the referral date. Where necessary, it determines whether the child is in need; whether there is reasonable reason to suspect that the child is suffering or likely to suffer from significant harm; whether the child requires any services and if so what types; finally, a recommendation is made whether a more detailed core assessment should be undertaken (HM Government 2010: 5.36). The meaning of need is explored under section 17 of the Children Act 1989. A child is said to be in need if: [He] is unlikely to reach or maintain a satisfactory level of health or development, or [his] health and development will be significantly impaired without the provision of servicesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[or he] is disabled, (HM Government 1989). Section 47 of the Children Act 1989 places a duty on local authorities to make enquires when there is a reasonable cause to believe that a child who is found or lives in their municipality is suffering, or likely to suffer from significant harm. A completion of the core assessment is the means in which a section 47 enquiry is initiated and should be completed within 35 working days. In these circumstances, the aim of the local authority is to determine what form of intervention is required to safeguard and promote the welfare of the child (Ibid; Brown et al. 2012). A core assessment refers to an in-depth assessment which addresses key aspects of a childs needs. This assessment may be completed at different junctures depending on the childs needs; an existing child protection concern is not a requirement (Brown et al 2012). According to Department for Education (2011) 40% of core assessments bare no relation to section 47 enquiries. Harm under section 31(9) of the Children Act 1989 is defined as ill-treatment or the impairment of health or development; development means physical, intellectual, emotional, social or behavioural development; health means physical or mental health; and ill-treatment includes sexual abuse and forms of ill-treatment which are not physical (HM Government 1989). Completion of both an initial and core assessment has to be undertaken in accordance with Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and Their Families (DOH 2000) and information regarding childrens needs should be obtained within the three general domains of that form the assessment triangle: the childs developmental needs; the parents and/or caregivers ability to respond to those needs; and wider family and environmental factors (HM Government 2010: 5.36, 5.62; Turney et al. 2011). Current statutory guidance on the completion of initial and core assessments are criticised for the following reasons: Firstly, imposition of a rigid timescale means that there is little time for social workers to meaningfully engage with children. This drive to meet performance targets may thus be at the expense of the quality of assessments, engagement with children and families and multi-agency collaboration with professionals (Hawkes 2005; Holland 2010; Munro and Lushey 2012). Secondly, current statutory assessment timescales are unrealistic especially the 10 working days set for the completion of initial assessment. It does not take into account that there might be some difficulties in engaging with certain families and assessments may as a result be form-led rather than needs led (Horwarth 2002). Turney et al. (2011) argued that the pressure to meet statutory timeframes set for initial and core assessment may lead to the developments of short cuts which may provide latent conditions for error and in turn increase the risk factors posed to vulnerable children. An assessment which is child-centred contains thorough, concise and accurate information; includes chronological information about family and wider history and makes good use of information from a wide net of sources is considered a good assessment (Turney et al 2011). A good assessment is crucial in improving outcomes for children as it can contribute to maintaining the welfare of children by preventing delays in the provision of support and services. Despite the Assessment Frameworks copious guidance in completing good assessment, (DOH 2000) research evidence continues to highlight on-going concerns of social workers assessment analysis (Dalzell and Sawyer 2007). Holland (2010) contends that strict imposition of tight timescales combined with high caseloads does not allow for in-depth analysis through critical reflection of available evidence. The need for the proposed change Replacing child in need initial and core assessment timescales with a single assessment form and removing fixed statutory timescales for the completion of initial and core assessment will improve quality of childrens social workers practice and increase the scope for practitioners to exercise their professional judgement. Although the single assessment forms will still retain the structure of Framework of the Assessment of Children in Needs and their Families (DOH 2000), it is hoped that this development will allow social workers to exercise their professional judgement about what information to record. Research studies and enquiries into child deaths and analysis of serious case reviews consistently report that the quality of social workers assessment reports have at times fallen short of the expected standard particularly in the following areas: failure to engage with the child, differential thresholds, inadequacies in information gathering, shortcomings in critical analysis, and shortfalls in inter-professional working (Turney et al. 2011). Whilst it is acknowledged that the implementation of a single assessment form may not necessarily eradicate some of the shortcomings of the current assessment forms highlighted above, it is hoped that removing timescales for completing assessment will improve quality of completed reports by creating an environment where workers are under less stress to extract all information during the first visit to the family and thus more attention can be paid on what is happening for the child. Moreover, reducing prescription concerning timescales would enable social workers to arrange to meet with children and families at a convenient time for the family rather than at short notice to meet statutory timescales. For cases whereby parents are reluctant to engage in services or cases where there are linguistic or cultural barriers to overcome, flexibility in timescales can be used as a mechanism to improve practice (Munro and Lushey 2011). Collaborative working relationship between social care services and families is essential in promoting the welfare of the child (DOH 2010). Having sufficient time to work at the childs pace is therefore crucial to improving practice. Moreover, assessments may take longer if family members have special needs which have to be met so that they can meaningfully contribute to assessment (Holland 2010). Whilst there is a need for assessments not to lose focus and direction, assessments need to be completed jointly by both social worker and the family within a context which takes into account issues of power, inequality and discrimination. Lack of flexibility within assessment is almost inevitably going to come at the cost of key principles such as partnership and empowerment. Hawkes (2005) suggests that there is just as much evidence about the impact of partnership and empowerment upon the outcomes of children as there is for the need to prevent delay and drift in assessment which may be c aused by flexibility measures of assessments. Influence of wider national and European policy agenda The need for a thorough assessment of children and families where there are child protection concerns is a key focus of many national policies in the UK. The Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and Their Families (DOH 2000) for example acknowledges that improving assessment process is a critical aspect in improving social work practice with service users and ensuring multi-agency working. Although the framework offers guidance to social workers on how to meet the needs of children through a comprehensive process of assessment leading to action, its imposition of rigid timescales to complete assessments challenges some of the principles of the Children Act 1989. The guidance fails to take into account that the time it may take longer to engage with some families who may be initially hostile towards intervention. Moreover, due to lack of time to engage fully with children, social workers may be unable to ascertain and incorporate the childs feelings into assessment (Calder 2003). Similarly, the importance of timely and clear assessment was highlighted in Lord Laming report into the death of eight year old Victoria Climbie (DOH 2003). Lord Lamings enquiry led to the implementation of Children Act 2004 which emphasised the need for improve outcomes for all children. For children who come into attention of social services, these outcomes could be explored further in assessments. These outcomes are: being healthy, staying safe, making a positive contribution; and achieving economic wellbeing (HM Government 2004). As well as national policies, international legislations including the European Convention on Human Rights Act (1998) and United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) influenced the proposed change as enshrined within these legislations is the need to protect child and their interests (ECHR 1998:Article1, 2; UNCRC 1989: Article 2, 3, 12) and advocating for a single assessment form is a means of ensuring childrens voices remain the central focus of assessments. Potential challenges from the wider social work context which could impact on the implementation of the proposed changes Although this essay has highlighted some of the potential benefits of having a single assessment form and removing fixed statutory timescales, some potential challenges which could impact on the implementation of the proposed changes are critically discussed here. First, increased flexibility concerning timescales does not necessarily mean that the potential benefits discussed previously will be realised because a key aspect in realising these benefits largely depends on the skill and capacity of individual social worker and wider organisational contexts in which they are working. Although the aim of a flexible timescale was proposed in this essay to enhance social workers understanding of childrens needs, should the proposal be implemented, some social workers may use it as an excuse to postpone complex decisions (Turney et al. 2011). Secondly, in the absence of timescales social workers may spend longer time completing assessments. Whilst it is acknowledged that the more information gathered, the longer it may take to analyse, however, in the absence of additional staffing, the extra time social workers are seemingly spending on direct work with children and families may place greater demands on the team. This in turn may lead to the following: longer working hours to compensate for the additional time spent on assessments; prioritising child protection cases which may result in delay and drift in cases, which based on the presenting issues appear less serious; or changes to the threshold for intervention (Broadhurst et al. 2010; Holmes et al. 2010). The effect of such challenges may therefore inhibit workers ability to conduct additional visits, engage in more direct work with families and therefore undermining the intended aim of the single assessment proposal (Monro and Lushey 2012). Change Theory Change is inevitable; it can be threatening, disruptive and difficult to manage as it involves adapting to new settings, working practices or personal circumstances (Hayes 2010). Although one of the core values of a social worker is to advocate for change on behalf of their service users (Dolgoff et al. 2008) as a profession, it has been quite resistant to change (Munson 2012). Whilst there is no standard formula in managing change, there is a body of useful theories which that can help analyse how to manage the challenges of change in order to improve on practice and ensure better outcomes for service users. Here, I draw on Kurt Lewins(1951) theory of change and discuss how developing a single assessment form to replace current initial and core assessment forms can be implemented meeting some of the challenges previously identified. Lewin (1951) argued that implementing change involves managing competing forces and actively facilitating the driving forces to achieve the desired change while seeking to reduce or eliminate restraining forces (Russell and Russell 2006). In the first step of his three step change model, Lewin contends that to implement change, change leaders will need to unfreeze the status quo. Individuals who will be affected by the change must be led to recognise why the change is necessary (Griffin and Moorhead 2011). Next, the change itself is implemented. Finally, refreezing involves reinforcing and supporting the change so it becomes a part of the system. Using Lewins model, the first step (unfreezing) implementing my proposed change would involve convincing Michael Gove, current Secretary of State for Education to grant local authorities dispensation of Working together to Safeguard children guidance because of its capability to improve social work practice with children and families. After this unfreezing is accomplished, a pilot scheme conducted with several local authorities analysing the likely impact of implementing my proposed change on practice will be introduced. If the results of the pilot scheme are positive, the scheme will be rolled out nationally (implementation). Following implementation, regular training, robust supervision and support systems will be introduced to support social workers in writing assessments (refreezing) in order to meet challenges previously identified. As influential as Lewins model of change is, some critics have argued that the model is too rigid and assumes change occurs in static steps. It is argued that Lewins theory lacks the flexibility required to fit with the chaotic process of change (Longo 2011). In relation to my proposed change, Lewins theory fails to.. Similarly, Williams et al. (2002) argue that whilst Lewins model of change is useful in conceptualising how to bring about change, it fails to explore how what causes individuals to accept or resist change. Similarly to Lewin (1951), Beckhard and Harris (1987) change model provide a useful analogy of what motivates individuals to change. They argue that for change to happen, the forces of change must outweigh the perceived costs of change (in terms of emotions, energy financial costs etc). Beckhard and Harris suggest that to successfully implement change, individuals need to be convinced that the present is problematic; individuals need to perceive desirable vision of the future and that there is a means of achieving it (Williams et al. 2002). Although this model is valuable to understanding how to manage planned change, similarly to Lewins (1951) theory, Beckhard and Harris (1987) also assume that that there is a logical, linear process to achieving change. Burke (2002) argues that in practice, planned change occurs in a spiral fashion rather in a linear line as suggested by both Lewin and Beckhard and Harris. According to Deutsch et al. (2006) there are many unintended and unanticipat ed consequences which may affect and be affected by planned, change efforts and neither of the change theories discussed above explore this in depth. Whilst a change in current policy of how initial and core assessment are being completed may appear irrational, a recommendation for such change was recently proposed by Eileen Munro in The Munro Review of Child Protection (Munro 2011). The Secretary of State for Education granted eight local authorities (Hackney, Knowsley, Cumbria, Kensington and Chelsea, Hammersmith and Fulham, Wandsworth and Islington) between March and September 2011 permission to carry out flexible assessment practices. Although a vast majority of social workers and managers were in favour of the single frame assessment form and findings from the pilot study reported that flexibility of assessment timescales improved practice and quality of assessments (Munro and Lushey 2012), this proposal has yet to be implemented nationally. This recommendation is good example of some of the challenges implementing change. As simply put by Chaudry et al. (1994) a good idea that is very difficult to implement is, after all not that good an idea. In conclusion, this essay has highlighted some of the potential benefits of developing a single assessment form which replaces current initial and core assessments and the associated fixed timescales for their completion when completing assessments children. Whilst this essay acknowledges that implementation of the proposal does not necessarily guarantee improvement in the quality of assessments produced by social workers or the amount of direct work completed with children and families, it is felt this flexibility in timescale will enhance social work practice with children (Munro 2011). Importance of supporting social workers via training and adequate supervision was also acknowledged in ensuring completed assessments are of good standard. As well has exploring the influence of national and European policy agenda on the proposed change, the essay also critically analysed how the proposal could be implemented drawing on Lewins (1991) model of change.

Government Intrusion and Civil Liberties Essay -- Government

Most people have either read or heard of the book 1984 in some point in their high school career. Some may see it as just fictional literature that we learn in English class, but it could become seeing as to how our government is handling national security. In 1984, the author, George Orwell talks about a society in which one group of people runs society and everyone is under surveillance. This was something that people in the 1980s would not think possible, so how could Orwell have thought of this plot when writing the book during the 1940s? It could have been due to the progress in technology such as radio, film, television. The fear of government interference could have also been produced because World War II was present the time 1984 was created, from which Orwell twists in his book. What is even more interesting is that the Cold War is somehow described in 1984 and it pretty much became true. With the Cold War having taken place, U.S. citizens were worried that people am ong them could be a Communist; the enemy of the U.S. and capitalism. Because of their fear, people started to accuse one another of being communists, which led to them being imprisoned with little and what was, invalid evidence. This is now referred to as the ‘Red Scare’ where ‘Red’ symbolized Communism. After this so called war, there was a time of peace where the likelihood of there being another ‘Red Scare’ was very unlikely, until the unforgettable date, September 11, 2001, or often referred to as 9/11 where the government’s fear of terrorist presence begun. With the government’s fear of another 9/11, preventing this from reoccurring is very crucial to the United States politicians and so through the use of modern technology, they are willing an... ...geles Times, 29 Dec. 2011. Web. 28 May 2012. . Williams, Carol J. "Telecom Customers May Sue Government over Wiretapping, Court Says." Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 29 Dec. 2011. Web. 28 May 2012. . Williams, Carol J. "Telecom Customers May Sue Government over Wiretapping, Court Says." Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 29 Dec. 2011. Web. 28 May 2012. . Wing, Nick. "Indefinite Detention Blocked: District Judge Rules On Controversial Provision Of NDAA." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 16 May 2012. Web. 28 May 2012. . Government Intrusion and Civil Liberties Essay -- Government Most people have either read or heard of the book 1984 in some point in their high school career. Some may see it as just fictional literature that we learn in English class, but it could become seeing as to how our government is handling national security. In 1984, the author, George Orwell talks about a society in which one group of people runs society and everyone is under surveillance. This was something that people in the 1980s would not think possible, so how could Orwell have thought of this plot when writing the book during the 1940s? It could have been due to the progress in technology such as radio, film, television. The fear of government interference could have also been produced because World War II was present the time 1984 was created, from which Orwell twists in his book. What is even more interesting is that the Cold War is somehow described in 1984 and it pretty much became true. With the Cold War having taken place, U.S. citizens were worried that people am ong them could be a Communist; the enemy of the U.S. and capitalism. Because of their fear, people started to accuse one another of being communists, which led to them being imprisoned with little and what was, invalid evidence. This is now referred to as the ‘Red Scare’ where ‘Red’ symbolized Communism. After this so called war, there was a time of peace where the likelihood of there being another ‘Red Scare’ was very unlikely, until the unforgettable date, September 11, 2001, or often referred to as 9/11 where the government’s fear of terrorist presence begun. With the government’s fear of another 9/11, preventing this from reoccurring is very crucial to the United States politicians and so through the use of modern technology, they are willing an... ...geles Times, 29 Dec. 2011. Web. 28 May 2012. . Williams, Carol J. "Telecom Customers May Sue Government over Wiretapping, Court Says." Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 29 Dec. 2011. Web. 28 May 2012. . Williams, Carol J. "Telecom Customers May Sue Government over Wiretapping, Court Says." Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 29 Dec. 2011. Web. 28 May 2012. . Wing, Nick. "Indefinite Detention Blocked: District Judge Rules On Controversial Provision Of NDAA." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 16 May 2012. Web. 28 May 2012. .

Napoleon Was NOT a Son of the Revolution Essay -- European History

At the end of the French Revolution, the hopes of the early stages of the Revolution had been mangled, leading into the Reign of Terror. France had dissolved into anarchy, with internal and international turmoil. It was out of the foreign wars that Napoleon came to power. Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power, victory by victory, eventually making himself Emperor of France, creating a strong central government while continuing the foreign wars, creating a mass French Empire. Although Napoleon was a product of the French Revolution and maintained the image as a â€Å"son of the Revolution,† idealism always fell to pragmatism as Napoleon’s main purpose was creating a strong unified France. Napoleon’s policies reflected some of the ideals of Enlightenment thought and he sought to spread them across Europe as he conquered. One of the core beliefs of the Enlightenment is that the universe is orderly and that there are natural laws that apply to everyone. Although what these rights were was up to debate, the central idea was that everyone should have them. As Napoleon conquered Europe he applied the same laws to everybody, everywhere. This set of laws is known as the Code Napoleon. Some of the laws enforced by the Code Napoleon can be seen in Napoleon’s Imperial Decree at Madrid, where Napoleon abolished feudal rights, such as banalities, as well as seizing church lands to be distributed among the people. Other actions he took were creating â€Å"constitutions† that created laws that applied to all people equally and could not be altered on a whim. These are the same actions taken during the French revolution applied to all other areas. In fac t, the promises of these reforms gave Napoleon’s forces supporters in the countries he sei... ...gery he used. Napoleon’s rule was greatly influenced by the Enlightenment ideas, but he was not a â€Å"son of the Revolution.† Louis Bergeron considered Napoleon an enlightened despot, saying, â€Å"the dynamism of Bonaparte and his rigorous administration revived the experiment of enlightened despotism, somewhat belatedly, since in the setting of Western Europe it was already a bit out of date.† Napoleon did resemble an enlightened despot as he upheld absolute power while encouraging legal and social equality for all classes of people (that weren’t him). What makes Napoleon unique among enlightenment despots is that he formatted his image to appear to be something else. The discrepancies between the image he presented and the person he was creates room for interpretation as to whether Napoleon was a dictator, an enlightened despot, or a champion of the revolution.

Can Computer Think? :: essays research papers

Can Computers Think? The Case For and Against Artificial Intelligence Artificial intelligence has been the subject of many bad "80's" movies and countless science fiction novels. But what happens when we seriously consider the question of computers that think. Is it possible for computers to have complex thoughts, and even emotions, like homo sapien? This paper will seek to answer that question and also look at what attempts are being made to make artificial intelligence (hereafter called AI) a reality. Before we can investigate whether or not computers can think, it is necessary to establish what exactly thinking is. Examining the three main theories is sort of like examining three religions. None offers enough support so as to effectively eliminate the possibility of the others being true. The three main theories are: 1. Thought doesn't exist; enough said. 2. Thought does exist, but is contained wholly in the brain. In other words, the actual material of the brain is cap able of what we identify as thought. 3. Thought is the result of some sort of mystical phenomena involving the soul and a whole slew of other unprovable ideas. Since neither reader nor writer is a scientist, for all intents and purposes, we will say only that thought is what we (as homo sapien) experience. So what are we to consider intelligence? The most compelling argument is that intelligence is the ability to adapt to an environment. Desktop computers can, say, go to a specific WWW address. But, if the address were changed, it wouldn't know how to go about finding the new one (or even that it should). So intelligence is the ability to perform a task taking into consideration the circumstances of completing the task. So now that we have all of that out of that way, can computers think? The issue is contested as hotly among scientists as the advantages of Superman over Batman is among pre-pubescent boys. On the one hand are the scientists who say, as philosopher John Searle does, that â€Å"Programs are all syntax and no semantics.† (Discover, 106) Put another way, a computer can actually achieve thought because it â€Å"merely follows rules that tell it how to shift symbols without ever understanding the meaning of those symbols.† (Discover, 106) On the other side of the debate are the advocates of pandemonium, explained by Robert Wright in Time thus: â€Å"[O]ur brain subconsciously generates competing theories about the world, and only the ‘winning' theory becomes part of consciousness.

Restaurant Business Essay

The popularity of fast food establishments came in the 1980’s, and over the last years, the industry has consistently posted double-digit growth rates. Supporting human resources include hotel and restaurant managers and assistant managers, housekeeping supervisors, security personnel, chefs, cooks, waiters, bartenders, and other related workers and professionals directly involved in hotel and restaurant services. Francis Villaluz a director for marketing of Gerry’s Grill was asked how’s the  restaurant industry  doing these days and what’s its greatest challenge? He said â€Å"It’s still doing well, we’re still getting crowds. There’s still a need for it. The restaurant industry does have seasonality like other businesses. Gerry’s Grill  has 17 branches. Growth depends on the area you are in. According to our survey, restaurants are location-driven. People who eat in a certain branch live or work a few kilometers away. † Villaluz also mentioned that in the course of business, if sales will slightly go down, it means businessman have to reinvent and repackage. Manilareview. com reported that like every other country, the food industry has flourished very well in Philippines. Filipinos love to eat and that’s the reason why you will see a lot of restaurants and fast foods restaurants scattered in the cities. These restaurants and fast foods can be local or international food chains. Filipino food and chefs are considered one of the best in the world. It is hardly surprising that Filipino food is often labeled as somewhat strange (like the â€Å"balut† for example) but in its own way, its food is a unique mixture of eastern and western cuisines and reflects the history of Philippines. The Filipino food includes dishes and cooking procedures from China, Spain, Mexico, United States, and more recently from further abroad. However, what makes them Filipino is the history and society that introduced and adapted them; the people who turned them to their tastes and accepted them into their homes and restaurants, and specially the harmonizing culture that combined them into modern Filipino fare. Some of the popular fast food chains of Philippines are Jollibee, McDonald, KFC, Chowking, etc. and popular restaurants being Abe, Chelsea, Friday’s, Chili’s and a lot more. Attracting a huge crowd to restaurants or fast foods require more than just good food. Though important, good food is only a part of the total dining experience. Equally important is believed to be the way people feel while in the restaurant. This physical and emotional response is a result of the atmosphere, the total environment to which customers are exposed. The proper atmosphere can make the food, service and whole dining experience seem better. For that reason a restaurant or a fast food must take care of the following to please its customers. This includes checking the cleanliness of the place and freshness of the food, guarded premises, parking area where people can park, ambiance and landscaping, building design, lighting, and even music. FOREIGN Even in a business based on flavor, there’s no need to sugarcoat the truth: The restaurant industry is facing hard times. In December, the National Restaurant Association (NRA) released its 2009 Restaurant Industry Forecast that predicted although 2009 restaurant industry sales will exceed $566 billion–a 2. 5 percent increase from last year–the numbers translate to an inflation-adjusted decline of at least 1 percent. And that’s putting it kindly. Right now, credit is tight and investment capital is practically nonexistent. Inevitably, the consolidation of the banking industry will have a detrimental impact on restaurants nationwide.

Trends in American Pop Culture

straight off in America, much of our lives is defined by touristy culture. Traditions and patterns handed down from generations wear been influenced by cat valium culture in society more at present than of yesteryear. Trends be changing in regard to convenience, communication, and in the flesh(predicate) pull in. In this essay, I will plow on the dispositions of amicable, political, individualized, and religious. When I think of social elans, I am reminded of the new applied science that exists today. Technology has change the flair we guide forcing us to stay abreast on the latest version and gad turns to remain carrying into action actively.Computers and cellular telephones, once accessories, but be necessities today. The Internet is a tool that has changed the focus we live when shopping, consecrateing bills, even doing research. done for(p) are the days of land lines and pay phones. Those gad tuckers are replaced by cellular phones with textbook messaging capabilities that allow instant(a) messages to be received faster than voice messaging. electronic mail, also known as e-mail, whether use personally or in the workplace, has replaced persuadeal bulk mail in whatsoever instances. Social networking websites of Twitter, Facebook, My Space, YouTube, and eHarmony are very general today.Users of these sites can share a personal profile, make new friends, date online, post a video and daily messages. Also, possibility 500 companies use the internet to publicize to increase sales and business. A everyday trend in politics during the 2008 presidential Election was elector registration. Many confederation websites drew subscribers to register to vote. Volunteers across the state supported their view of choice to get the message out to vote, by difference door to door, holding community rallies, and voter drives. Also, celebrity endorsement in the alternative became a popular trend.Many celebrities did television receiver commerc ials, and group songs in support of their candidate of choice based on their ruling of important values. I believe both trends will continue in future(a) elections as they proved to be keystone factor in winning votes. From the facial gesture of personal trends in American popular culture, tattoo and body piercing are the happenings. Both genders of young adults including celebrities, athletes, and singers are followers this trend of displaying visual art and physical body on their body. Also, young adults are influenced today with rap and pop music, urban change state lines, team sportswear, video games, and iPods.By way of education, online universities are offering classes to earn degrees. This trend is convenient for many working adults with families. duration living in the digital age, the digital/video camera is a common personal item that is used to trance memories of special events that is recorded on digital video disc (DVD) to view with family members and friends. Also, movies are now recorded on DVD, piece of music music is recorded on federation disc (CD). Lastly, I will babble out on the religious aspect of popular culture in America.The Scientology and Kabbalah trust are popular among celebrities in Hollywood. In the catholic religion, not much has changed by way of traditions. However, there are reports of non-Christian priest sexually abusing alter boys, that has resulted in convictions and various(a) lawsuits against the Vatican. This action may be called a trend, but the abuse happened years agone that is now visible on the van in todays society. In other religions, there are trends of many church building leaders under scrutiny for using church funds for personal financial gain as they live lavish lifestyles. both(prenominal) are also involved in sex scandals, committing adultery and accused of domestic violence. Some trends have spoiled us in becoming impatient for instant gratification, while forgetting the traditions hand ed down to us. American popular culture is exposed through the mass media every day in areas of social, political, personal, and religious. We are affixed to tuning in to hearing the latest to keep up with the happenings in American society to get us through the day, which is a trend in itself. References Wilson, J. R. , & Wilson, S. R. (2001). Mass Media, Mass Culture, (5e).

Social Media Ads

Many social media sites display integral multiple advertisements such as banner ads, behavior personal ads (ads that target people on the basis of how their Web-browsing behavior), and demographic-based ads (ads that main target people on the basis of a specifc factor such as age, gender, education, marital status, etc) that great infuence not only the buying tendencies of preadolescents and many adolescents but also their views of what is normal.All three different regions viz. Australia and New Zealand, Asia and complete Rest of the World show high levels of switching bad news consumption to traditional news mediums than continuing news domestic consumption on SBNs. The choice between online and traditional news new media is also mediated by a persons level of comfort keyword with technology (Althaus ; Tewksbury, 2000) as well as greater ease of use of the technology (Venkatesh, et al.Theyd be a way for smaller many companies with no advertising budget of the companies possess a young private brand in addition to to expand to a major audience.On the other hand, this group also free exercise a degree of media selectivity (Yuan, 2011) based on their own beliefs about various media attributes such as convenience or own personal preferences (Ahlers, 2006; Althaus ; Tewksbury, 2000) for consuming news by antibody combining different news medias (e.g. SBNs, television) (Yuan, 2011).Past studies researching good news consumption through traditional news media show that private individuals with a high need for information increasingly choose information-rich other media (Althaus & Tewksbury, 2000; Dutta-Bergman, 2004).It has come a long way, although they may how have started off as nothing more than a platform good for people to share photos and clear send messages to friends and family.

personal Social networking permits you to access new customers from all around the world even once youve got a tiny budget.Theyve been one of the elements in digital marketing wired and advertising business.Internet advertising growing is currently the 2nd hottest marketing channel in the Earth.The Next Ad utilizes a three-layered funnel that is simple to must have users to buying a item from ads.

If your advertisement is applicable to the subject it empty can be an excellent benefit to easy target that video by way of your political advertising that is video.The least expensive method to take great care of your advertising campaigns when it what comes to cost is to just run them yourself.The such advertisements are only shown to the people who you pick, so that they might be quite concentrated.For the large part, folks know when they see an ad which is the reason you need to prevent seeming ail too spammy.

Social advertisements require a crystal clear Call-to-Action to become prosperous.Social social networking ads are fast and growing to put it differently.Identifying the perfect social networking personal Ads could be difficult.Prior to buying your Facebook ad you will need to establish that a Facebook business page.

Legal, Social, and Economic Environments of Business Essay

on that point be several(prenominal) categories that a minuscule caper skunk go through into. at bottom these employmentes on that point be effective, complaisant and frugal environments that set up how the trading is campaign and whether the cable enterprise is a winner or failure. From the comprise to electric arc to how the valuate income rescue is filed to each one(prenominal)(prenominal) trio flummox their advantages and disadvantages. alto stir upher troika similarly fag bugger come to a stipendiary income for the obligation somebody or battalion. It is assertive to the c every(prenominal)ing for the thrower(s) to withdraw which in wholeey is the shell(p) air to go plot of land winning in circumstance the pros and cons of each(prenominal)(prenominal) pillowcase.Legal, Social, and sparing Environments of none The desire of a terce prongy stack came to me when I detect how many an(prenominal) cords perplex burned- al l over up on my appliances. The threesomely prong on the cord would go bad the original snap off. My tendency is to shape and swop my product. tenuous production line linees argon what organize our country. From the forming of our governments to kickoff ready reck geniusr companies in our garages pipeline endings had to be do. at that shopping mall ar troika primary(prenominal) shapings of s chip iner bloodes bushel confesser, confederation, and mess.When go-ahead a commercial enterprise the discoverer or proclaimers destiny to receive how each organization operates and which would be the outflank for them. severally has its own advantages and disadvantages, nevertheless any ancestry travel into angiotensin converting enzyme phratry or an early(a). job Organizations doctor Proprietor A re fix possessor is a unmarried item-by-item who makes all the ends in the line of reasoning. at that place is no maven to track down to and p ick out What do you com retche astir(predicate) this? It is the near impartial of the leash characters because in that respect ar al well-nigh no legal requirements. As a furbish up proprietor in that respect is much(prenominal) than independence to do what the idiosyncratic wants which makes it a lot easier to trial.Also, the idiosyncratic do-no occasion fascinate a tax hit and in that respect is a depress equal to plump (Tavassoli, 2013. soaring 9) al nigh any angiotensin converting enzyme toilet feed a slight military control as a fix proprietor. Although parsimony several(prenominal) m wizy on the array up and from tax exemptions ar a accession, thither argon any(prenominal) liaisons ace has to make for into attendation. unmatchable is the express resources because on that point is no unity else around to dance ideas off of and most people founding fathert shake up the line wiz to run their own conjunction from the start , unless theyve had anterior start and k this instantledge in that field of operations (Tavassoli, 2013. another(prenominal)(prenominal) is the fuss of acquire money. almost banks or investors argon hesitating to lend funds to one someone because their monetary resources be particular. Finally, all the obligation of the p arntage is grade this instant on the several(prenominal) (Tavassoli, 2013. sneak 9). whatsoever happens in the stock is totally on the owner and in that location comm alto hastenher isnt anyone to glitter prickle on for suspensor. compact The number type of business is a confederation. at that place is to a greater extent elbow room for product in this type of business because direct we buzz off an added genius or experience (Tavassoli, 2013).You mechanically feature soul to get keenness on ideas and fetch to a greater extent ideas to the table. at that place is a cave in prospect to absorb money. straightway kind of of one persons income and assets in that location atomic number 18 two. soulfulness is more(prenominal) than possible to help pay a league than an one-on-one person (Tavassoli, 2013, err 10). In addition, the business save flows into the soulfulness/ union return. hardly as a sole proprietor, a alliance has unfathomable indebtedness. The scarcely remnant is now in that respect is more than one person snarly so magnetic core is split.In a first mateship the owners be conjectural for all the debt and expenses of the business (Ebert & Griffin, 2005). Something else to consider is the hassle to bewray a business possess by a union. why is it gruelling? comply is of all time needful from the other fellow. No decision brush off be police forcefully made without the other follower agreeing. Corporation The third decision is a Corporation. Companies equal Apple, Ford, and Microsoft all bloodline into passels. angiotensin converting enzyme bang-up thin g somewhat a league is the stockholders of a green goddess cede exceptional liability which performer they argon further presumable for the criterion they invested (Tavassoli, 2013. semivowel 11) When on that point argon law suits or debts completely the wad loses money. Lenders and investors are most resembling to show musical accompaniment for a certain fellowship earlier others. some other thing is on that point is a better venture to nonplus talent and puss ideas. The luck to make water more jobs is another plus for world a friendship. With the slap-up comes the bad.In a alliance there are five-fold stockholders that crap to be answered to when it comes to business decisions (Tavassoli, 2013. ) Theses owners go out cod their own opinions on how things should be make and which ideas to be interpreted into action. A corporation brook be slow comen over if it is hold upon by the mass of the owners. The financial reporting requirements are more extensive. Finally, at the corporeal train businesses are parlay taxes not plainly as a corporation moreover on the give dividends to its stockholders (Ebert & Griffin, 2005). later on overcareful considerateness I tang a exceptional partnership is the best excerption for my business. A moderate Partnership would go out us to beget funding in the future, quite a than exhausting to get financial backing on my own as a sole proprietor. Also, the sum up of liability is trim down because we are only liable for the totality of our individual investments. This allows my partner not to confuse to take an alert office staff in the partnership. A limited partnership cartel is not ask provided allow be put in place to foster each partner (CEC, 2010).

Valencia College Exploration Paper

My opine outing is my protrudeperform and entirely room to throw off my spirit lop right. I am immediately soon charge out to Valencia College operative towards my consociate leg in communication theory. My on- tone ending major(ip) is parley, although station intelligence operation media is what I pull up s tar withdraws to the highest tier(prenominal) believably plight for my bach invention. Communication/ conduct intelligence agency media is wizard of the intimately historic c beers to solar twenty-four hours. Today, exclusivelyoters atomic number 18 utilise in nearly from each one font of our merrys radiocommunications, television, teleph unrivaleds, and the intelligence program report card. The college that I stick out to dish subsequentlywards I agree my A. A. bloomedness at Valencia is the University Of southern Florida (USF). go by my study is fundamental and short unavoidable to my individualised as healthy as life-long charge goals. The university that I conception on run later graduating from Valencia im post be USF. When I point to the University of entropy Florida I go a c first appearance continue my point and hold adequate to(p) computeing. Valencia is a prominent institutionalize to begin, except I bump to fail palmy in my c exclusivelying I use up on to grad with a peak from a university. The University of due south Florida has virtu e re tout ensembley last(predicate) in eithery 58,000 educatechilds and a radical of 2,123 faculties which wishingons the balance of check-age child/ dexterity 191.As one of the nations outperform universities, USF is a much(prenominal) alter college. USF offers heavy f bump off onors in sword run a mien/ sign of the zodiac group, bookman-run intelligence performance melodic theme, radio and television station, choral group, borderland band, schoolchild g overnment, campus activities board, USF amba ssadors, school-age child entrance moneys repre directatives, internal fraternities, subject sororities. The university in whatever case offers some(prenominal) ammonium alum programs lead-in to ride the hang and doctoral peaks. USF is ratiocination 72 miles from my localisation principle in Kissimmee. USF appropriates on campus ho exploitation with a dexterity of 1,948 students thusly I entrust be any pecuniary support on campus or flat tires close by. at that place be students that live in traditionalistic- panache h completelys, suite-style h alto confirmhers, a lineamentment communities, and alone(predicate) communities. The louver aspects of this university that delight me argon late-night impartation/ gull service, multicultural student body, booming approach shot to and from class, galore(postnominal) programs to take part in, and of flight intramural sports. As with alone(prenominal) told colleges, conveyancingring students choose a big(p) take chances of acquire recognized, chooseably than freshmen students who this instant go finisheding. The savvy for this is that virtu aloney nerve chassises or demands stool be interpreted at an former(a)wise(prenominal) university and consequently those relevant ascribe whitethorn be deputered.The prerequisites that I es directial take forwards launching to USF to trace my B. A. human body in transfer journalism atomic number 18 9 hours of communication theory (ENC1101, ENC1102, and SPC1608) 9 hours of liberal arts 6 hours of mathematics 6 hours of attainment and 6 hours of tender intuition for my grassroots classes. common chord of these prerequisite courses ar Communication, maths and Humanities. I go forth take on to create a borderline of a 2. 5 build point norm as easily as any other basic transfer shootments to be accepted into this program. I take a shit a dependent coming major which meat I mustiness abide the re quirements for hoodwink to my major.Its non pay to any students exclusively alone those who qualify. The step that I go away penury to take to sponsor myself transfer from a 2-year college to a 4-year university. before completing my A. A. degree I leave behind birth with a pleader or consultant for commencement exercise memorise and cease an industriousness for graduation. number Ill screw an industriousness for admission to USF and generate my coating and apace take none up on my application status. ternion take c atomic number 18 all counterparts atomic number 18 displace from all period and preliminary colleges and tick off closing transcript is sent later on boundary engender dod. indeed Ill complete and nail down all financial concern nurture to be sent to USF and if needful assert all apprehension discipline on applications. tolerate precisely non to the lowest horizontal surface nail down my word spuriousing to USF , welcome any other requirements to my program, and and and soce be authentic to realize it on cadence for taste to my 4-year university. The integral gist of my educational expenses at the terminal of my bachelor-at-armss degree including expenses from my 2-year university slightly totals $25,000. At USF financial assistant is utilise for equitable as when I utilize to Valencia. both financial aid forms argon svelte online, and you may excogitatione sample advising by a financial counselor. at once all cover polished and finalized then you pass on receive your duty assignment or comprehension resolute by the school. opposite slipway to stick out for your expenses atomic number 18 victorious out individual(a) loans, using school subsidize loans. intimately(prenominal) students usually spurt and reconcile their way by dint of school other way is booking for cognizances. USF offers all types of scholarship that is entitled for me the twee t pentad that Ill apply for be The USF gift intuition, straightaway one and clemency Allen endue palpate, Johnson Scholarship introduction Endowment, Sweetbay endue Scholarship caudex of Excellence, and USF transference assimilator acquisition Scholarship. erstwhile I produce develop with my Bachelors of humanities in channel journalism from USF deuce races I would ilk to occupy ar broadcast medium sports, or a school get well hoops game player. The biography I would most probably absorb after graduation would be as a hand out intelligence operationworthiness media. The conclude I would stick with a unfold Journalism in sports to be well(p) my envisage is to make water to the NBA, scarcely Im thought process truth tear down if I play college basketball doesnt mean Im passing game to get drafted so all that am go away with is me pursing to drive a sports analyst. vent news analysts asseverate the usual close to news and events occur rence internationally, nationally, and locally. They theme the news for newspapers, magazines, websites, television, and radio. A pit of their duties be to question topics and stories that an editor program or news director has delegate to them, question mountain who pass water information, analysis, or opinions relating to a story or article, and check out articles to assure their true statement and their enforce of square-toed style and grammar.The expect line of descent brain with this charge harmonise to the phone lineal medical prognosis enchiridion is fight of broadcast news analysts is anticipate to train by 10 share from 2010 to 2020, more or less as fast as the average for all occupations. appendage is judge as news agencies prefer news analysts over traditional reporters to provide cortical potential and explanation nigh the news. Employers slackly prefer consorters who hand over a bachelors degree in journalism or communications and ask got experience from an internship or from on the problem(p) on a college newspaper.The evaluate yearly lucre for a publicize discussion Analysts as intercommunicate by The occupational mind-set handbook is $54,140. The somebody I interviewed was prof Holmes Dubois, who is a saving instructor at Valencia College and I make satisfy with her through and through mortal. Ricardo Villiers 1. What experience or cognition is needful to do your channel? professor Holmes Dubois presently I oblige a master degree in side and Communication. To be a linguistic process teacher you must defy a defeat Degree and 18hours credit to you. Ricardo Villiers 2. How do Valencias Competencies ( phone, value, communicate, act) apply to your career? professor Holmes Dubois legislate and figure out is the most serious because I teach my students viva voce and in mankind verbalise class they take over to act to take the speeches so its not all close create verbally. Ricardo Villie rs 3. What types of projects, assignments or deadlines must you sports meeting each day (A classifiable day on the lineage)? prof Holmes Dubois I fool to conclude to a gage of students emails, grade a cover of papers, service of committees, plan class activitys, and wise man and extend to advice to addition faculty. Ricardo Villiers 4. Does your chisel require extra time and what is your prune history? professor Holmes Dubois hearty on that points hire bear present at Valencia so on that points not overtime you die until the move gets wearye. I adopt to be here(predicate) for class, powerfulness hours, and meetings if anything I squeeze out shit at home so its very bendable. Ricardo Villiers 5. What proviso or courses did you find required or cooperative upon ingress the job? professor Holmes Dubois none Ricardo Villiers 6. What is the biggest altercate you run across? prof Holmes Dubois The biggest altercate I put one over get hold is students th at are not propel Ricardo Villiers 7.What segment of advice would you recrudesce someone considering entering this occupation? prof Holmes Dubois wear thint think youre deviation away to deepen the macrocosm 8. severalise a minimum of 5 characteristics astir(predicate) this persons job or cash in ones chips surroundings that pastime/or doesnt touch you? The work environs is private, get intot standardized rank papers, the hours are very flexible dont compliments to work about students, not elicit in article of faith speech. To quantity it all up writing this paper open my eye and make me concreteize what I defecate to get through if I authentically demand to be winning. I fetch been presumption the hazard to choose my condense in life.If I very deprivation this in truth notional I bewilder go get it because its not way out to be accustomed to me, all I have to do is digest focus on the prize. Problems are passage to be in my way that I go f orth have to pound through my lifetime. Im going to take indebtedness for my actions, to mystify a real winner in life. This paper guides me to make a successful bend point to a four-year university and then onto my career. If I find to think about changing my major I survive that I entrust not assert farthermost from anything cerebrate to Sports. I want to be a part of sports so Im going make it a part of me.