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Julius Caesar Research Paper Help, Buy Papers on Julius Caesar Julius Caesar Research Paper Help, Buy Papers on Julius Caesar Caesar research paper is a must when you take up literature in college. Getting under the skin of famous literary characters helps to understand their motives and such an essay helps to do just that. This term paper builds a sense of empathy with his character and promotes a critical appreciation of the man and his deeds. Also Chicago style research paper is the more popular format for this writing. Caesar essay assists in analyzing Caesar’s personality throughout the novel or drama. This essay paper also helps you sharpen your skills in writing. Often certain parts of a novel are overlooked by the reader and writing the essays will get you acclimatized with hitherto overlooked aspects of his life. Julius Caesar Research Papers for Sale In this type of a research paper, for instance, you could explore the basis of the deep friendship between Brutus and Caesar, and why the eventual back-stabbing (we suspect this is where the term originated!) felt so dastardly. But a Caesar essay must go beyond the obvious and delve deep into the psyche of a great statesman. For this, you must give your essay topics the right focus. Make sure your paper covers the emotional aspect of the character as well as his political acumen. You have to make sure that whatever statements you make in your research papers, they are backed by appropriate facts. This will persuade your teacher that you have first comprehended the text and then undertaken the task of composing your Caesar essay. But writing this type of research paper may be difficult for those who dislike analysis. How then does a student get good grades for the paper? Simple. You can take the help of experts who can turn your thoughts on the subject into a well written classic essay; what’s more, you can get your research paper outsourced online. Getting professional writers to do your essay is alright if the ideas are all yours. A seasoned professional writer will be able to take the bare bones of your idea and reconstruct a research paper in your style so that the character of Julius Caesar is brought to life and your essay reveals a real understanding of its shades and complexities. Caesar research paper is often used by professors to sift the better students from the average Joes. So, if you want to be up there receiving plum essay assignments and grades, get your essay right – bone up on research or hand it over to experts who can help you.

The River Between By Ngugi Wa Thiong - 1549 Words

In the novel The River Between, Ngugi wa Thiong’o expresses a strong moderate nationalist sentiment displayed in various ways. The subject of this novel, is a meaningful portrayal of how the theme of colonization is at the heart of most African literature written in English. The River Between was Ngugi’s first work to be published in his own language, Gikuyu and then translated into English. His radical shift from the use of the European languages to the use of an indigenous African language, Gikuyu, was a way of fighting imperialism: â€Å"I believe that my writing in Gikuyu language, a Kenyan language, an African language, is part and parcel of the anti-imperialist struggles of Kenyan and African peoples† . The novel addresses the early days of colonial intervention and richly illustrates the interference of the pre-colonial tranquil tribal life style at the hand European missionaries and colonizers . Apart from the novel’s primary language of pu blication we see Ngugi’s nationalist mindset through the Kikuyu people and their actions throughout the historical fiction. The issues of cultural and national identity are made obvious which tie into Ngugi’s perspective towards the Europeans. Furthermore, through the protagonist Waiyaki, we are further able to envision the aspiration to overcome colonialism through his very own desire to unite the two feuding ridges at the time, Mukuyu and Kameno. Most of African literature in the colonial and postcolonial Africa has beenShow MoreRelatedA River Between By Ngugi Wa Thiong891 Words   |  4 Pages The novel A River Between was written by Ngugi wa Thiong o. It is a fictional story about the Kikuyu tribe in Kenya during the 1920 s. During this time in Africa and in the recent past colonial powers had secured a presence in a lot of Afican countries. These powers over time had drove a wedge between African tribes for various reasons. In the novel the Kikuyu are dealing w ith this divison among its people. They are split between two groups tribal tradtionalist the Kameno and the recently convertedRead MoreSoyinka s Ngugi Wa Thiong O : An Anthology Of Recent Criticism1752 Words   |  8 Pages Mala Pandurang’s Ngugi Wa Thiong o: An Anthology of Recent Criticism (2008) is a brilliant specimen of archival research on Ngugi criticism. She wrote another important book on the postcolonial African fiction, entitled Post-colonial African Fiction: The Crisis of Consciousness (1997). Oliver Lovesey in The Postcolonial Intellectual: Ngugi wa Thiong’o in Context (2016) has pointed out the multifarious cultural identities of Ngugi. The biographical reading of Ngugi’s life from a Marxist vantageRead More The Women of Umuofia in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay1999 Words   |  8 Pageswill confirm a diachronic development. In No Longer at Ease (1963), there is a discernible change in the style of Achebes female portraiture. At the end of the novel, Obi Okonkwo yields to the implacable force of traditional ethos when choosing between his mother (representing traditionalism), who threatens to kill herself if he marries an outcast or osu, and the outcast prota gonist Clara (representing the modern female). The pregnant Clara gets an abortion and fades out of the story. But at leastRead More The Role of Women in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay3614 Words   |  15 PagesGhana was known to have some matrilineal societies, such as the Akans; but Nigerias traditional culture, Muslim as well as non-Muslim, had been masculine-based even before the advent of the white man. The source, nature, and extent of female subordination and oppression have constituted a vexed problem in African literary debates. Writers such as Ama Ata Aidoo of Ghana and the late Flora Nwapa of Nigeria have insisted that the image of the helpless, dependent, unproductive African woman was one usheredRead MoreA Passage Of India And The Relations Of Power10531 Words   |  43 Pagesdomination on the subaltern Other? 4) Does the colonial mechanism achieve its aims or does it unveils the fractures within the polarisation of the British Empire? 5) Does the issue of the mysterious psychosexual assault conceals a more serious problem between the |British and the Indians? 6) What is the reaction of the subjugated and the excluded Indians towards the British colonial system and its using of excessive power that shows the difficulty of the passage to India? 7) Finally, Do power and violence

What Is the Difference Between Venomous and Poisonous

The terms venomous and poisonous are often used interchangeably to refer to toxic substances produced by animals and their dangers to humans and other creatures, but they have different meanings in biology. Basically, venoms are delivered actively while poisons are delivered passively. Venomous Organisms A venom is a secretion that an animal produces in a gland for the purpose of injecting it into another animal. It is actively introduced into a victim by means of a specialized apparatus. Venomous organisms use a wide variety of tools to inject venom: barbs, beaks, fangs or modified teeth, harpoons, nematocysts (found in jellyfish tentacles), pincers, proboscises, spines, sprays, spurs, and stingers. Animal venoms are generally a mix of proteins and peptides, and their precise chemical makeup to a large extent depends on the purpose of the venom. Venoms are used for defense against other creatures or for hunting prey. Those used for defense are designed to create immediate, localized pain to make another animal go away. The chemistry of venoms designed for hunting prey, on the other hand, is highly variable, since these venoms are made specifically to kill, incapacitate, or break down the victims chemistry to make it easily edible. If cornered, many hunters will use their venom for defense. Glands and Hypodermic Needles The glands where venoms are stored have a ready supply of venom and a muscular arrangement to eject the toxic substance, which can affect the rapidity and degree of envenomation. The reaction in the victim is principally determined by the chemistry, potency, and volume of the venom. Most animal venoms are ineffectual if the venom is merely placed on the skin or even ingested. Venom requires a wound to deliver its molecules to its victims. One sophisticated apparatus for creating such a wound is the hypodermic syringe-style mechanism of ants, bees, and wasps: In fact, inventor Alexander Wood is said to have modeled his syringe on bee sting mechanisms. Venomous Arthropods Venomous insects can be divided into three groups: true bugs (order Hemiptera), butterflies and moths (order Lepidoptera), and ants, bees, and wasps (order Hymenoptera). Heres how the venom is delivered: Black widow spiders bite to inject digestive enzymes that liquefy their prey.Brown recluse spiders have short fangs that inject a cytotoxic (cell-killing) venom into their prey.Honey bees use a modified ovipositor (egg-layer) as defensive equipment.Bumblebees sting defensively.Hornets, yellow jackets, and paper wasps are defensive stingers.Velvet ants use a modified ovipositor defensively.Fire ants sting defensively. Poisonous Organisms Poisonous organisms dont deliver their toxins directly; rather, the toxins are induced passively. A poisonous organisms entire body, or large parts of it, might contain the poisonous substance, and the poison is often created by the animals specialized diet. Unlike venoms, poisons are contact toxins, which are harmful when eaten or touched. Humans and other creatures can suffer when they come in direct contact with or inhale airborne material from urticating (stinging nettle-like) hairs, wing scales, molted animal parts, feces, silk, and other secretions. Poisonous secretions are almost always defensive in nature. Those that arent defensive are simple allergens  that have nothing to do with defense. A creature can come in contact with these secretions even after a poisonous organism is dead. The defensive contact chemicals produced by poisonous insects can cause severe local pain, local swelling, swelling of the lymph nodes, headache, shock-like symptoms, and convulsions, as well as dermatitis, rashes, and upper respiratory tract complications. Poisonous Arthropods Poisonous insects include members of quite a few groups: butterflies and moths (order Lepidoptera), true bugs (order Hemiptera), beetles (order Coleoptera), grasshoppers (order Orthoptera), and others. Stinging caterpillars use barbed spines or hairs as defensive mechanisms, while blister beetles produce a caustic chemical when they are threatened. Heres how some insects produce their poison: Monarch butterflies develop a defensive flavor by eating milkweeds, and birds that eat them eat only one.Heliconius butterflies have similar defensive poisons in their systems.Cinnabar moths feed on poisonous ragworts and inherit the poison.Lygaeid bugs feed on milkweed and oleander. Which Is More Dangerous? Venomous black widow spider bites, snake bites, and jellyfish stings certainly sound more dangerous than contact poisons, but in terms of worldwide exposure, the more dangerous of the two is undoubtedly animal poison, since it doesnt require animals to take an active role in the toxin delivery system. Sources Beard, Raimon L. Insect Toxins and Venoms. Annual Review of Entomology. Casewell, Nicholas R., et al. Complex Cocktails: The Evolutionary Novelty of Venoms. Trends in Ecology Evolution.Fry, Bryan G., et al. The Toxicogenomic Multiverse: Convergent Recruitment of Proteins Into Animal Venoms. Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics.Harris, J B., and A Goonetilleke. Animal Poisons and the Nervous System: What the Neurologist Needs to Know. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery Psychiatry.Kellaway, C H. Animal Poisons. Annual Review of Biochemistry.Wirtz, R.A. Allergic and Toxic Reactions to Non-Stinging Arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology.

Report On The Distribution Of Values - 2903 Words

ASSIGNMENT # 5 AMAN VIJ ADEENA MIRZA AMIT KUMAR TRIPATHY SECTION A Questions 1. (a) Explore the data. Report on the distribution of values in the attributes and how they individually relate to the outcome of interest (dependent variable). All the attributes are combination of categorical and numeric values and cover varied ranges. Each attribute was studied along with analyzing histograms, scatterplots and log-scaled graphs. The findings are listed below with the graphs of each attribute distribution in Section B. (i) Borrower’s age (Bo_Age): Borrower’s age shows an overall right skewed distribution with a maximum at 36. The distribution for only defaulters shows a†¦show more content†¦(vi) Borrower’s total monthly debt expense (Tot_mthly_debt_exp): Total monthly debt expense of borrower’s has a range from 0 to 17225 with an average of about 1745. The distribution of the total data as well as the defaulters is suggestively right skewed with most of the defaulters belonging to the class of borrower’s below 5500. (vii) Borrower’s total monthly income (Tot_mthly_incm): Borrower’s monthly income has a distribution similar to the monthly debt expense distribution and has a range from 500 to 65000 with an average of 5025. The graph also shows that most of the defaulters are from the low-income group with there being no defaulters with a monthly income of 15000 or higher. (viii) Appraised value of home at origination (orig_apprd_val_amt): Appraised value of homes also has a right skewed distribution with fewer records of houses with high appraised value and even fewer defaulters in that region. No defaulter was recorded for a house with an appraised value greater than 400,000. (ix) Purchase price for house (pur_prc_amt): Purchase price for houses shows a distribution very similar to appraised values with low frequency of borrowers for houses with high purchase price and no defaulter for a house more expensive than 400,000. (x) Borrower debt to income ratio (DTI ratio): Debt to income ratio is calculated byShow MoreRelatedValue Chain964 Words   |  4 PagesReport on Real Estate Industry Chain and Value Chain Activities Within Calloway Introduction The purpose of the report is to conduct a value chain analysis of Calloway and its industry in order to get a better assessment of the organization’s key functions in terms of satisfying the needs of the tenants and ultimately the shoppers. To end of this report, we will provide a situational analysis and recommendations to improve Calloway’s ability meet its tenants’ and shoppers’ needsRead MoreEssay on Psy 870: Module 3 Problem Set Answers799 Words   |  4 PagesPlease do this for the researcher and report your findings. Be sure to check it for possible coding errors, as well as complete the screening of the data to see if the data meet assumptions for parametric tests. Did you find any errors that the researcher made when setting up the SPSS data file (check the variable view)? If so, what did you find? How did you correct it? HINT: Yes, one of the variables is incorrectly listed as scale. 3. Were there missing values on any of the variables? If so, whatRead MoreThe Circular Motion Of A Rotor With Permanent Magnets1678 Words   |  7 Pagesa generator. 5 3) Sketch the distribution of magnetic flux density at t = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 7 4) Sketch the contours of magnetic vector potential on the same graph at t = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25 11 4) Sketch the distribution of energy density at t = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25. Which part contains higher concentration of energy? 15 15 5) Sketch the graph of induced EMF for rotor speed of 1rpm 20 6) What is the peak and RMS value of the induced EMF 21 7) InducedRead MoreProposed Socio Spatial Network Models And Compare Them With Those Of Er, Sw, And Ba Networks1069 Words   |  5 Pagesnetworks. Moreover, since the focus of this study is on the human social network, we limit our analysis to Onnela et al’s (2011) findings that ÃŽ ± ≈ 1.5 and only consider three values of ÃŽ ± = 1.2, 1.5, and 2 for our sensitivity analysis purposes. 4-1- Properties of the Spatial Erdà ¶s-Rà ©nyi Network In this subsection we compute and report the characteristics of our proposed SER social network in terms of empirical regularity measures. ER and SER networks have different parameters, so pairwise comparisons areRead MoreEnergy Markets And Risk : Capacity Assignment1687 Words   |  7 Pagessource; as the wind is not constant, wind turbines do not produce the same amount of electricity all the time. This causes difficulties as the penetration of wind power increases, and wind generation become relied upon by the network operator. This report looks at the impact of wind power on the capacity of a power system to meet demand. Conventional generation, including coal, gas nuclear, provides the base load in the UK. These plants have high reliability, and much of the time spent offline isRead MoreMalaysias Chocolate Market to 20141105 Words   |  5 PagesBrochure More information from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/1796653/ Chocolate Market in Malaysia to 2014 (Confectionery) Description: Introduction Chocolate Market in Malaysia to 2014 (Confectionery) is a comprehensive resource for chocolate market data from 2004 to 2014 and market/company shares for 2008-09.This report also provides data on expenditure and consumption as well as key distribution channels, and reveals the leading companies in the Malaysian chocolate market. FeaturesRead MoreA Report On The Work Of Distribution Sector1251 Words   |  6 PagesNukal Bansal CSO Subject – Detailed Memo regarding the improvement in the working of distribution sector. First of all I am thankful to you for choosing me as chief strategy officer of an enormous company that owns lines of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, cleaning provisions and pet products. Proctor Gamble is big brand name and I am really happy to be a part of it and pleased to head the distribution unit TB. Proctor Gamble was founded by William Proctor and James Gamble in 1837 asRead MoreMAT 540 Week 2 Quiz1187 Words   |  5 PagesParameters are known, constant values that are usually coefficients of variables in equations. Question 3 Probabilistic techniques assume that no uncertainty exists in model parameters.   Question 4 In general, an increase in price increases the break even point if all costs are held constant.   Question 5 P(A | B) is the probability of event A, if we already know that event B has occurred. Question 6 A continuous random variable may assume only integer values within a given interval. QuestionRead MoreMarketing And Distribution Strategies Of Wyndham Worldwide1627 Words   |  7 PagesAND OVERVIEW The purpose of the report is to share the research that has been done with the marketing and distribution strategies of Wyndham Worldwide. The term distribution strategy relates to all plans necessary to make finished products available to target customers when where and how they want (Bayus, 2015). This report focuses on various components such as the external opportunities and threats, internal strengths and weaknesses, and assumptions. The report also contains information on theRead MoreAmazons Value Chain Analysis1620 Words   |  7 PagesValue Chain Analysis In the 1990s, Amazon (Amazon.com) introduced a new business model for entrepreneurs choosing to use the Web as its place of business rather than the traditional brick and mortar companies. Amazon’s e-business and e-commerce business models generated significant revenue for the company and resulted in creating an effective and sustainable competitive advantage for the online retailer. â€Å"Amazon was one of the early movers to recognize the opportunity in both e-commerce and cloud

Climate Change and Poverty - 1734 Words

Climate Change and Poverty Over the past few decades, a major concern is the threat climate change possess for today’s economy. Millions of people are affected each and every day by climate change but this is just the beginning of the worst. One thing that seems to go unharmed by climate change is social status; how long will money last as a barrier to the effects of Mother Nature? How does poverty increase the risks associated the devastating powers of climate change? When speaking in terms of poverty many different categories arise. Poverty in America is different than poverty in Asia or Africa. Every country has faced poverty. It is inevitable; some countries however, face a disproportionately high percentage of poverty.†¦show more content†¦India has the highest amount of people living and suffering with AIDS; climate change affects the research and possible solutions of fighting off AIDS and other diseases. With limited resources such as water available not only would it be hard to make vaccines and cures it opens up an unprecedented amount of possible deaths. When looking at the corporate businesses and the undoing of the human habitat; the United Nations has sanctioned many organizations to track climate change such as the UNEP, the World Meteorological Organization and the IPCC. Since the mid-eighties, these agencies have monitored the changes, yet have failed to convey the significance. Studies done by these agencies have concluded that the last fifty years are attributable to human activities and big corporations which lead to the changing in the compositions of the atmosphere throughout the 21st century (Saltori). These activities that are mentioned are those by means of businesses that grew into national conglomerates. Concurrent with business growth, the greenhouse gas emissions have grown seventy percent from 1970 to 2004 (Lehner). Recent studies have shown that 122 corporations produce eighty percent of greenhouse gases (IPCC). The climate is going to drastically change the world forever, but at whose expense? What exactly does the political eminence of these companies haveShow MoreRelatedTrying to Erradicate Poverty and Extreme Poverty1351 Words   |  5 Pages Almost half of the world lives on less than $2.50 a day. The very poor suffer from lack of access to safe food and water, basic education, and medicine. For many of the world’s countries, poverty is prevalent. While almost half of the world lives in poverty, the rich continue to get richer. In 2005, the poorer 10% only accounted for 0.5% of the world’s share of private consumption, while the richest 10% accounted for 59% of consumption (Shah 1-4). There is an increasing inequality gap. The worldRead MoreThe Age Of Sustainable Development1186 Words   |  5 Pages In his book, The Age of Sustainable Development, Jeffery Sachs begins with the role of technological change in sustainable development. Sachs uses the Maglev in Shanghai as an example of how technological change can help with sustainable development. It im proved transport services and energy efficiency, eventually enabling a shift to a clean low carbon system. Instead of being powered by finite resources such as coal or petroleum, the Maglev is powered by electricity. In most cases statesRead MoreThe Sustainable Development Goal ( Sdg )1056 Words   |  5 Pagesaction to combat climate change and its impacts,† and presents five targets for ensuring global sustainability and resilience in wake of the warming climatic system. For the sake of efficient analysis the measurability of the first three targets 13.1-13.3 regarding global adaptation will be grouped, while 13.a+b concerning developing countries will be addressed separately. The effectiveness of said targets in regards to the management of, and adaptation to, global climate change will then be evaluatedRead MoreEffects Of Pollution On The Chinese Economy786 Words   |  4 Pagespoverty can be clearly seen. Southern climate change forces farmers to migrate which directly contributes to the level of poverty and adds to the suffering of the poor. Traditionally, these individuals would at least be able to survive through farming and growing their own food but in urban areas these individuals will be unable to grow their own food. Collier asserts that the poorest states are in need of rapid economic growth which creates tension between poverty reduction and the perversionRead MoreClimate Change Challenges986 Words   |  4 PagesA strong argument among scientists exists that anthropogenic climate change is the greatest contemporary global threat to sustainable development in the 21st Century, and that, the risks associated with climate change will become more severe affecting all aspects of human livelihoods (IPPCC 2014, FAO 2013, Shiferaw et al 2014, UN 2015. The ratification of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992 and signing of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 signified the importance ofRead More Sustainable Development Can Reduce Global Warming Essay855 Words   |  4 Pageson the climate system. An upward trend in global temperatures can be clearly seen over the last three decades. The effects of this human induced climate destabilization can be seen in the pre sent and are projected to worsen over time, regardless of the level of carbon emitted into the future. This does not mean that global and regional systems should not be overhauled to reduce carbon emissions. A rapid decrease in emissions is necessary to avert further warming of the planet and changes in the climateRead MoreA Theoretical Review Of Global Stratification913 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor Michelle Crist Sociology 1010, Introduction to Sociology 11 December 2015 A Theoretical Review of Global Stratification Global stratification is defined as social inequality throughout the world. It is an unequal distribution of wealth and poverty, of resources and opportunities. Global stratification is much greater than social stratification in the United States or in any single nation and continues to increase. The poorest people in the United States have a much higher quality of life thanRead MoreThe World Of The Future Generation906 Words   |  4 Pageswas used to advertise an exhibition run by the ACT in 2008; climate change, human impact and creative challenge are going to kill our future generation. The then Prime Minister of Norway, Gro Harlem, displayed that meeting the needs of the present, should not compromise the capability of the future generation to meet their needs. However, through a change of actions within our global community we can save our future generation Climate Change is major issue and it definitely contributes to intergenerationalRead MoreThe Natural Disasters1104 Words   |  4 Pagesreasons why disasters happen . These are:- †¢ Climate Change Climate change as a term has been envisioned as : â€Å"a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings, or to persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or inRead MoreStrategic Plan For New And Renewable Energy782 Words   |  4 Pages Similar to current policies these future policies focus on adding new technology and resources, instead of directly capping emissions. These programs, alongside the policies that are already in place, show that India is working on mitigating climate change with policies In order for India’s policy objectives to be successful implementation barrier must be removed. Securing adequate finance is an important issue that is vital to India’s future success. Mitigation policies are generally funded by

Foundations of Information Systems †Free Samples for Students

Question: Explain on Foundations of Information Systems? Answer: Introduction Unites States Pharma Corp. is a pharmaceutical company that designs, manufactures and researches pharmaceutical products and the company has its headquarters in New Jersey, United States. The company has its sites in every part of the globe and is a developed firm in the market. In order to enhance the communication and research work that is carried out in the organization, it has been recommended that a corporate knowledge environment portal shall be developed and implemented in order to provide the enhanced abilities to the employees that are associated with the company. Researchers along with medical staff members will be primarily making use of the portal. Design Specifications Internal Systems and Databases The corporate knowledge web portal that will be designed for Unites States Pharma Corp. will have a number of internal system components such as the dashboard that will be designed for the portal along with the functional aspects for communication and research facilities. There will also be a component installed as a tele-conferencing medium to allow the researchers to carry out audio and video teleconferencing with the fellow researchers and guides. The database that has been recommended for the portal is MySQL database as it will allow the information associated with the portal to be stored and managed efficiently and access to the database will also be required to be provided (Seethamraju, 2012). External Systems There are a number of external systems and sites that are available and have been created that comprise of research articles, research papers and journals. Link and access to these external sites will be required to be incorporated on the portal such that the research work that is carried out is executed in a better manner. Communication and Collaboration Facilities Pharmaceutical research is a critical process as the outcomes that are obtained after the research process are sensitive and have a direct impact on human and animal life. It is therefore required that the corporate knowledge web portal that is being developed for the organization has the facilities to share files and messages with the others in the business and fellow research scholars as well. There shall also be communication systems in the form of tele-conferencing mediums and instant messengers incorporated in the portal. Search Tools There will be a lot of information that will be available within United States Pharma Corp. that the researchers may search and seek for their research work. Also, there is a lot of information that is externally level on the pharmaceutical subjects that may aid in the research process. In order to reach to the specific research works, search tools shall be incorporated to search for the information on Intranet and Internet as a whole. News Applications Pharmaceutical companies and industries are being improved with a new work of research and development with each passing day. It is necessary to maintain pace with the latest news and information in the business and therefore analysis and information collection tool in the form of a news application shall be included in the portal that shall gather the latest information from the industry and show the same to the user. Forums and Journals There is a lot of work being done at a global scale in the pharmaceutical industry. The users of the web portal shall be provided with a link and access to the popular forums and organizations to collect and gather meaningful information for their research work. Role of Business Intelligence Business Intelligence is commonly referred as BI and it is an umbrella that comprises of many tools and technologies for better processing and handling of information associated with a particular organization. In case of United States Pharma Corp. there will be a lot of information that will be associated which will be required to be analyzed, stored, processed and handled intelligently. The web portal that will be set up for the organization shall therefore include and apply the following BI techniques to provide better information handling and management. Data Mining Data mining is a technology that comes under BI and it includes analysis along with classification of information as per the classes and categories. In this case, the information around the research topic will be analyzed and studies from several angles and viewpoints which will provide the users with the ability to reveal specific patterns on the pharmaceutical research. The information that will be analyzed will include the information collected from several sources (Nicta, 2015). Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) It is required to perform strategic monitoring on the information that is collected for the research work so that the appropriate aggregates of the data are collected. The same will be performed on the portal by OLAP technique (Olap, 2016). Real time BI There are occurrences wherein it will become essential for the user to obtain the latest news and the real-time information from the industry. Real-time BI will be a technique that will be included in the portal to provide the users to have this capability. Data Warehousing There is a lot of inter-related information and components that are present in the work of research from the research work that has already been done along with the ongoing processes. Data warehousing is a process that will allow the researchers and medical staff members to sift through the information sets for understanding the inter-relationship present. The research data that will be available will allow the development of the research work being done (Villanovauniversity, 2016) Data Analytics There will many of the data and information sets that will be associated in the research work and there will only be a few that will be of actual need. Also, it will be necessary to have a technique through which the specific areas and patterns are highlighted. It will be done with the aid of data analytics tools that will be used and implemented on the portal (Searchdatamanagement, 2016). Data Sources This will be one of the most important BI techniques that will be used and incorporated on the web portal of United States Pharma Corp. The data sources that will be used for the research work will be collated to highlight the ones that are actually applicable. Strengthening of Stakeholder Relationships There will be a number of stakeholders that will be involved with United States Pharma Corp. in terms of business owners, partners, medical staff members, research scholars, guides, end users, staff members and many more. Every stakeholder will have his or her own set of needs and requirements from the organization and would want to earn the maximum benefits from the organization it is engaged with. With the development of the corporate knowledge web portal, the research and developmental work that is being carried out at the organization will see some of the marked improvements. There will be streamlining of all the processes that will be achieved along with the obtaining of better results. It will also make sure that the organization delivers better services to its customers as the latest research results will be available. All of these reasons and features will enable the stakeholders to benefit from the organization and the inter-relationship between the stakeholder and the organization along with the stakeholders themselves will also see improvements as a result. System Acquisition Methods There are several custom and off-the shelf methods that are available and may be used for the development of the corporate knowledge web portal for the organization. Some of these methods have been described below with their advantages and disadvantages and the recommended method has also been included at the end. Package Purchasing There are several packages that are available in the market that come with a readymade template along with the functional and non-functional aspects that may be required by the portal. These packages may be used by the organization to include and implement the desired web portal in its architecture. Since the package is readymade there will be a very little time that will be involved in acquiring it. However, it may not be in complete accordance with the desired aspects and time and cost may be spent in these areas. Outsourcing Outsourcing is another method that may be used for acquiring the desired results in the organization. The development of the corporate knowledge web portal cannot be carried out internally in the organization as there is lack of environment and skills in the organization in this area. Outsourcing will include contacting a third party which will be accomplishing the design, development and deployment activities related with the portal. There will however be a lot of time that will be required to be given in order to complete the process through this method. There will be lesser support and maintenance activities associated in this case. Custom Developed Software Another method that may be used by United State Pharma Corp. for the development and implementation of corporate knowledge web portal will be the use of custom developed software. The software will be developed according to the needs and specifications of the organization and there will also be specific attention paid to the required integration and compatibility areas. These packages will score high in terms of the cost but will have the adequate features and functionalities implemented in them. Recommended Method The method that has been recommended for acquiring and developing the corporate knowledge web portal is the outsourcing method. It is because of the reason that it will fulfill the requirements of the portal and will also provide the maintenance and support services after the delivery is made. Maintenance and support cannot be carried out by the staff members of the organization itself as their nature of work and domain is completely different. Also, it will be apt in terms of the budget and schedule constraints and the end product that will be delivered will be as per the requirements of the organization. Risk Management Disaster Recovery Risk Assessment and Identification There may be several risks that may be possible to the information that is present in the portal and these risks have been listed below Attacks on Information Confidentiality Breaching of information The corporate knowledge web portal that will be designed for United States Pharma Corp. will include a number of internal and external systems along with the database. The users will access these systems on the internal and external networks which will have multiple access points. These access points along with the transition of information may be used for breaching the same (Wood, 2016). Unauthorized Tracking The information related with the research work along with the communication activities that will be carried out may be tracked through the network by the attacker and hackers. Data Mining Attacks There are many BI techniques that will be incorporated in the portal such as OLAP, data analytics, data warehousing, data mining etc. These techniques may be used to introduce attacks that are associated with them that may impact information confidentiality (Amato, 2016). Malware Attacks Malware is defined as a code or a program that is defined as a specific purpose of devastation to the system that it will be installed in. There are several types of malware that are present such as viruses, ransomware, spyware, Trojan horses, logic bombs etc. These malware may be launched on the portal through any of the entry points which may bring down the information privacy and confidentiality. Attacks on Information Integrity Message Alteration The researchers and medical staff members will make use of the knowledge portal to enhance and strengthen their research work. There will be a lot of information that will be needed for the purpose and this information will not remain stagnant as it will be necessary to discuss the details and share the information with many entities. The information will therefore be in transit and there will be many messages that will be shared on a constant basis. These messages may be captured, analyzed and transformed by the malicious entities that will have an effect on the integrity of the same (Microsoft, 2016). Media Alteration The researchers and medical staff members will make use of the knowledge portal to enhance and strengthen their research work. There will be a lot of information that will be needed for the purpose and this information will not remain stagnant as it will be necessary to discuss the details and share the information with many entities. The information will therefore be in transit and there will be many media contents that will be shared on a constant basis. These contents may be captured, analyzed and transformed by the malicious entities that will have an effect on the integrity of the same (Aws, 2016). Attacks on Information Availability Flooding Attacks Researchers and medical staff members would want the system that is the web portal to be available and accessible at all times. However, the availability will be impacted by numerous types of denial attacks that will be given shape by introducing a garbage research data and traffic on the portal. Server Impersonating There will be a collaboration of multiple internal and external servers on the portal which may be used as an attack agent by impersonating the same (Mahmoud, 2015). QoS Abuse QoS is an acronym that stands for Quality of Service and there may be attacks that may be executed on the system quality so that the availability is directly affected (Panetta, 2016). Countermeasures and Risk Response Strategies Disaster recovery measures and plan shall be installed and introduced so that in case of a risk or an attack, the information is stored and safeguarded. There shall be backups that shall be automatically scheduled and conducted so that there is no loss of the information in case of an attack. United State Pharma Corp. along with the part that is outsourced for the development of the web portal will be required to make sure that the portal has in-built anti-denial and other anti-malware systems installed. Authentication and access control on all the components of the portal shall be upgraded and transformed to two-fold authentication and multi-step access checks (Lu, 2014). Most of the risks and attacks that have been highlighted get executed through the network. It is therefore required to upgrade the network security by making use of the tools and measures such as network audits, network log maintenance, network monitoring etc. (Jing, 2014) The research information along with the information associated with the users shall be encrypted on the portal and during its transition as well so that the attackers cannot misuse the same. It will be essential to enhance the administrative control by carrying out more number of reviews and security inspections on the portal. There shall also be use of the intrusion detection packages so that any such activity is detected on time and reported to the relevant people. Attackers make use of the vulnerabilities and loopholes that are present in the specific software versions. These versions shall be regularly upgraded to avoid such attacks. The portal shall also have the features of One Time Passwords and Single Sign On installed in them (Bhabad, 2016). Conclusion United States Pharma Corp. is an organization that is looking forward to enhance its communication and research system by developing and implementing the corporate knowledge web portal in its architecture. The database that has been recommended for the portal is MySQL database as it will allow the information associated with the portal to be stored and managed efficiently and access to the database will also be required to be provided. There shall also be communication systems in the form of tele-conferencing mediums and instant messengers incorporated in the portal. Business Intelligence is commonly referred as BI and it is an umbrella that comprises of many tools and technologies for better processing and handling of information associated with a particular organization. In case of United States Pharma Corp. there will be a lot of information that will be associated which will be required to be analyzed, stored, processed and handled intelligently. It is required to perform strateg ic monitoring on the information that is collected for the research work so that the appropriate aggregates of the data are collected. The same will be performed on the portal by OLAP technique. There will many of the data and information sets that will be associated in the research work and there will only be a few that will be of actual need. Also, it will be necessary to have a technique through which the specific areas and patterns are highlighted. It will be done with the aid of data analytics tools that will be used and implemented on the portal. With the development of the corporate knowledge web portal, the research and developmental work that is being carried out at the organization will see some of the marked improvements. There will be streamlining of all the processes that will be achieved along with the obtaining of better results. It will also make sure that the organization delivers better services to its customers as the latest research results will be available. The method that has been recommended for acquiring and developing the corporate knowledge web portal is the outsourcing method. It is because of the reason that it will fulfill the requirements of the portal and will also provide the maintenance and support services after the delivery is made. There are various risks that are associated with the company in terms of the security risks which will be required to be managed through a dedicated risk management system along with the disaster recovery mechanism. References Amato, N. (2016). The hidden costs of a data breach. [online] Journal of Accountancy. Available at: https://www.journalofaccountancy.com/news/2016/jul/hidden-costs-of-data-breach-201614870.html [Accessed 19 May 2017]. Aws (2016). Overview of Security Processes. [online] Available at: https://d0.awsstatic.com/whitepapers/aws-security-whitepaper.pdf [Accessed 19 May 2017]. Bhabad, M. (2015). Internet of Things: Architecture, Security Issues and Countermeasures. [online] Available at: https://www.ijcaonline.org/research/volume125/number14/bhabad-2015-ijca-906251.pdf [Accessed 19 May 2017]. Jing, Q. (2014). Security of the Internet of Things: perspectives and challenges. [online] Available at: https://csi.dgist.ac.kr/uploads/Seminar/1407_IoT_SSH.pdf [Accessed 19 May 2017]. Lu, C. (2014). Overview of Security and Privacy Issues in the Internet of Things. [online] Available at: https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse574-14/ftp/security.pdf [Accessed 19 May 2017]. Mahmoud, R. (2015). Internet of things (IoT) security: Current status, challenges and prospective measures - IEEE Xplore Document. [online] Ieeexplore.ieee.org. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7412116/ [Accessed 19 May 2017]. Microsoft (2016). Core Infrastructure Optimization: IT Security Processes - Best Practices for Business IT. [online] Available at: https://www.microsoft.com/india/infrastructure/capabilities/itprocesses.mspx [Accessed 19 May 2017]. Nicta, (2015). [online] NICTA. Available at: https://www.nicta.com.au/category/research/machine-learning/projects/advanced-data-analytics-in-transport-machine-learning-perspective/ [Accessed 19 May 2017]. Olap.com. (2016). What is Business Performance Management? BPM Definition. [online] Available at: https://olap.com/learn-bi-olap/olap-bi-definitions/business-performance-management/ [Accessed 19 May 2017]. Panetta, K. (2016). Gartner's Top 10 Security Predictions 2016 - Smarter With Gartner. [online] Smarter With Gartner. Available at: https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/top-10-security-predictions-2016/ [Accessed 19 May 2017]. Searchdatamanagement. (2016). What is data analytics (DA)? - Definition from WhatIs.com. [online] Available at: https://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/definition/data-analytics [Accessed 19 May 2017]. Seethamraju, R. (2012). Business process management: a missing link in business education. Business Process Management Journal, 18(3), pp.532-547. Villanovauniversity. (2016). Business Intelligence (BI) Overview of Major Components. [online] Available at: https://www.villanovau.com/resources/bi/overview-of-business-intelligence-bi-components/#.VzordTB97IU [Accessed 19 May 2017]. Wood, P. (2016). Social hacking: The easy way to breach network security. [online] ComputerWeekly. Available at: https://www.computerweekly.com/tip/Social-hacking-The-easy-way-to-breach-network-security [Accessed 19 May 2017]. Foundations of Information Systems – Free Samples for Students Question: Discuss About the Foundations of Information Systems? Answer: Introduction In this era, though access to the information is painless but approaching the right information in shortest possible time is a real challenge. In a pharmaceutical company, below are the points that cover the entire process of a drug manufacturing, Finding the problem/ disease. Detecting the cause. Figuring out the solution. Testing the drug Approval of the drug. Selling the drug in different countries. According to a study, roughly 8-15 years are required to figure out and test the drug and make this available in the market after approval from several drug approving authorities. To make this process less time taking, effective, efficient and productive, now a days, companies have started seeking help from the technology in the form of enterprise web portals that gather the entire enterprise on one platform. These portals not only help researchers to find out the problem and test the solution but also facilitate to share their research with others and get the timely and productive feedback. As United States Pharma Corp has widely worldwide spread network, the portal will help researchers and scientists in getting up to date with each others research, the worth of their research, seeking relevant data and knowing the market worth of their products. The corporate knowledge web portal designed for United States Pharma Corp is based on the vendor supported off-the-shelf product. The str ucture of portal is a well designed for inner and outer communications like Food and Drug administration (FDA), International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations (IFPMA) and Worlds Health Organization (WHO) etc. Moreover, the portal is designed keeping in view all the risk factors, security breaches, role based access and disaster recovery etc. Selection of the Right Portal Initially, in the world of computing, the required information systems were built as a single solution for a particular problem. However, now the inter-link of different systems has been realized and it has become apparent that these systems also have some common characteristics in terms of providing solution. The below picture shows the types of the information systems. Fig1. (is-types-five-level-pyramid-model, 2013)Shows the types of information system in four layers As the above image shows, four different types of information systems exist. For a pharmaceutical company, a system should include management information system, intelligent decision support system and executive Information system. Other than this, the portal should include communication facility between different team members working in different countries so, that the researchers will be able to share their work and get feedback. Above that, the system should also allow external sources like FDA and WHO etc. to view the research and provide their timely feedback. While designing the portal, below points were kept in mind, Evaluated the business requirements, goals, products and existing infrastructure while deciding the portal framework strategies. 2.Planned for the ultimate portal framework rather than the immediate. Like, rather than deciding a solution for a particular problem, administrative and departmental both solutions have been considered to be implemented. 3.In order to avoid systems that are firmly tied to specific applications or information sources, a vendor supported off-the-shelf product has been preferred over custom portal development. Kept in view the overall structure and the world wide spread of the company. Evaluated the clients and related companies or food authorities to provide ease in contact. Figured out the availability of the right data in order to help scientists in research. Structure of the Enterprise Portal Framework: The designed enterprise portal contains database for keeping research data, external sources, communication facility, internet tools, daily research data and connections with pharmaceutical forums. Each part of the system is described in detail below. According to (Collins, 2003), an organizations infrastructure is composed of several layers that collaborate for providing a comprehensive solution in the form of an enterprise knowledge portal. Its architecture layers include internet, firewall or demilitarized zone (DMZ), intranet, application services, portal services and backend systems like databases. The author also says that, the portal server includes below services, Security Services, for providing the authentication service. The Rules Server, for managing the content information and workflow from backend systems to the desktop. The Portal Component Server, for providing the collection of objects for connectivity and application services. The Personalization Server, helps in providing users the role based access to the system. Database: While designing any portal, the selection of the database has always remained the critical part. From the variety of databases available in the market, one need to give a serious thought on the pros and cons of the databases and must make comparison with the business requirements. As per the requirements of a pharmaceutical company, a large database is needed to be maintained in order to keep the research data, daily research patterns, popular searches, testing, approval and selling records. The database structure of the company will not be very complicated comparatively so the choice of a structured database like SQL Server or Bizztalk Server will remain the best. While choosing between SQL Server and Bizztalk Server, the former provides more suitable features to support the enterprise structure. According to (NADE, 2005), BizTalk Server makes the configuration of groups targeted towards a particular application possible. In particular, each single group can have the database acting as shared queue. While, another database one can be used for recording information on the progress of messages. To summarize, the Bizztalk Server provides the enterprise solution, facilitates in integration and provides orchestration services. The structured database will be able to maintain all the information in a well maintained fashion and the cost of the transaction of the data will not be very costly. Moreover, once the database will be designed the change in the database structure will not be very frequent, so the structure database choice will also benefit in this regard. External Sources: For a completely designed enterprise system, link with external sources is important like payment systems etc. For a pharmaceutical company, a portal to interlink the companies supplying or researching on chemicals will help in searching the chemical search coming in the marker and using those chemical in producing drugs. The link with external authoritative companies like food and drug administration (FDA), Worlds Health Organization and International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations (IFPMA) will enable scientists and researchers to communicate their tests and research in time and take their timely feedback to improve the results and manufacture a productive drug against to cure the disease. Customization:Basically, customization is the procedure of the portal configuration. It defines the overall appearance of portal including look and feel like layout and color scheme etc. declaring roles, integration of the external and internal data sources and defining a security policy. So, the choice of off-the shelf application is made instead of customized one. The choice follows keeping in mind the complexity of the portal. As the portal will be accessible in different countries and role based access will be provided, so the complexity of the users will increase and development of such a system which covers such a huge well settled company required a very strict and competent team of professionals which will add cost to the company. So, the company will customize an off-the shelf application and on turning the portal towards the users they will be able to personalize their experience by making changes in the content or layout to fulfill their particular business requirements. Content delivery:requires the capturing of external and internal content and providing it to the workers who need it. On the other hand, some portals provide the system administrators to declare a series of options or categories in the form of lists term taxonomy is also referred for this purpose. Users check the entire category list or tree to find the required information. On the other hand, a second approach includes publishing the content to the channel, which may become available to the subscribed users of the channel who will automatically be notified about the updates or the content availability. Thus, a knowledge base repository is essential for information sharing especially in a dynamic organization like Pharma Corp. Search:is the key in the research companies like Parma Corp. It is essential, especially when the researchers could not find their required information just by navigating through the portal. In most of the cases, it is assumed that people will try to search down maximum one or two category lists and will surrender if they could not reach nearest to their desired search category. To cope up with these situations, a context-sensitive search engine is preferred that can help locating the right and required information easily and quickly. The enterprise solution for Pharma Corp will also include this search engine to optimize the sear results in minimum possible time. The portal will also help providing the top most searched categories of employees to check the popularity of issues and interests of the scientists. Date or Application Integration:is critical for the rise of an Enterprise Information Portal (EIP). Users prefer integrated access to entire data and applications that they are required to complete their research in timely and well defined fashion. This Enterprise Information Portal (EIP) will be capable to access data from all available databases of Pharma Corp, including foregoing and previous sources. The portal would also be able to reach into the uncategorized file systems and will allow users to get access to Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Microsoft Exchange, and other data files. Moreover, this should provide an easy access to all the sites that publish the latest researches on drug manufacturing. In addition, users will be able to run applications ranging from plain desktop tools e.g. contact managers or e-mail etc. to enterprise applications e.g. ERP, CRM or supply chain, through the portal user interface(UI). Information Sharing:emphasize on participation, collaboration, publication, chat, threaded discussions and conferencing. Mostly, the companies manage their collaborative activities like workgroups and projects through their Enterprise Information System (EIP). For a company like Pharma Corp, sharing of information like tests is very important. Just in case, a team working on some drug in Australia performs some tests and meanwhile the same tests have been performed in United states, the sharing of information will help both teams, physically sitting far away, to compare their results or give feedback. This sharing will help reduce the testing time, getting valuable feedback in smart amount of time. The impact of this portal will be huge. This may provide edge to the scientists to share their knowledge with external food approving authorities and get timely approval. Communication Facility: The Enterprise Information System (EIB) for Pharma Corp facilitates in communication with both internal and external teams and companies. Modern IT environments are being challenged to make information timely accessible to a variety of internal or external user while preserving the contractual level service agreements. In order to harbor these requirements, the enterprise information portals are transforming as the primary tools for the IT organizations to share information and communicate not only within their organizations but also with their customers or partner companies. Todays advanced technology support the deployment and development of EIB by influencing industry standards and best of tech tools. Through EIB, the workers will be able to approach each other smartly. They will also be able to arrange conferences or individual meetings for seeking any help, suggestions and feedback. This approach will add a significant impact on the overall improvement in research drug and business. Intranet and Internet Tools: Now days, enterprises are thinking more about their customers, market, suppliers, product and their quality. An intranet is a network based architecture which serves the internal information requirements of an organization using Web-Internet. In detail, intranet is termed as a private network that works on TCP/IP protocols and internet for communication. Technically, intranets are the application of internet technology and specifically the World Wide Web (WWW) service for an authorized community of end users. In other words, intranet is a network that is especially designed for providing ease in fulfilling organizations internal requirements using Internet concepts. According to (Waghmode, S. S., Giri, V. V., 2010), Intranets are similar to the digital warehouses for storage retrieval of organizations Information, which contains significant importance for enterprises and organizations. The basic purpose of the intranet is to share information within the computing resources and organization among employees. The following points are cited for its popularity: Easier to install Simplicity of operation .Saves money .Reusability Save time of workers by sharing common and new resources. Sources for Relevant News: Keeping up-to-date makes businesses even more successful. Just to keep the workers up-to-date of all the latest news, technology and inventions in the market, another feature of relevant news is also included in the portal. As described above, the portal will be interlinked with external sources for getting access to all the latest news. Connections with Pharmaceutical Forums: For adding an effective contribution to the health and well-being of the human beings, the pharmaceutical industrys internal strategies must be according to the communitys needs. For example, according to (Growth, 2017) the European Commission organized the Process on Corporate Responsibility in the Field of Pharmaceuticals (2010-2103) in order to promote discussions on transparency and non-regularity conditions for smart access to drug production after getting the market authorization. Similarly, plenty of forums are which needed to be attended for seeking information and taking part in the discussion. This will purify scientists thoughts and approach toward their research. Decision Making: is of significant importance in the design of an enterprise information system. Decisions involve many aspects that need to be traded off. Enterprise information systems can help an organization in making productive decisions by facilitating with accurate and up to date information after applying analytic functions. EIP would be able to organize the basic available data collected from the entire companys branches including internal and external information and records. After, the data will be converted into reports for guidance in making the valid and right decisions. A companys decisions are projected in company results and require changes in the business strategy and overall aims. Addition of this feature in the Enterprise Information System can either provide built in trend analysis or the information that leads towards such analysis. In general, a typical business strategy includes projections for all basic analytical results. The trend analysis of these operations allows showing their outcomes and how they can be changed once you have implemented the necessary decisions. For example, the proposed enterprise system will contain the Pharma Corps employees popular searches, updates, successful tests and feedbacks. So, the existences of the entire information on one platform wills enable the company to make clever decisions that would benefit both the employee and the company. Role Based Security: The idea of a role comes out of the need to provide relevant functionality which is authorized as a single unit later. According to (Nyanchama, M., Osborn, S. L., 1994), a role can be taken as a job, a collection of functions and responsibility or a bunch of privileges pertaining to some duty requirements. Further, a role exists as an entity of the role holder or role administrator. It should be accommodated with functionality to enable only the authorized users to achieve the duty associated with the role. Hence, in EIP a certain role will be given the sufficient access rights to enable an authorized user or group to perform their duties. (Baldwin,1990) termed these as Named Protection Domains (NPDs). The portal will include role based access to distinguish the usage of each employee according to their designation and need. The feature will help securing the system and redistrict the access if overall information of the portal among employees. Risk Management: According to (Stoneburner, G., Goguen, A. Y., Feringa, A. 2002), risk management consists of three processes, Risk Assessment Evaluation Risk Mitigation Risk assessment process includes evaluation and identification of risks and its impacts including the recommendation of risk reducing measures. While risk mitigation refers to implementing and prioritizing the appropriate risk minimizing measures which are also recommended in the risk assessment process. The author proposes the DAA system authorizing official that is responsible for determining whether the remaining risk is at an acceptable level or the additional security controls should be implemented for further reduction or elimination in residual risk. In case of a pharmaceutical company which relies so deeply on an information system, risk assessment is essential to minimize the risk of loss in business. After the entire enterprise will shift on technology the redundancy of the data will be of equal importance as the security of the data. In this situation, keeping separate servers on different locations and migrating data, daily, for adding redundancy, in data, will be beneficial. The scheme will help in case of disasters. In case of any uncertain situation, one place will be affected the company would be able to recover the entire records from a different location. Summary: In the current era of rising technology, each organization wants to shift towards advanced online portals for maintaining their data and enhancing their business. The proposed Enterprise portal strategy is well designed keeping in mind all the essential factors that could give raise to the business and provide benefits to employees. The proposed system includes suitable and well developed database in addition of features like access to external forums, communication facility, decision making and role based security etc. All the proposed features will help the Pharma Corp to give more challenging products to the society. References: NADE, A. (2005). Enterprise integration Collins, H. (2003).Enterprise knowledge portals: next-generation portal solutions for dynamic information access, better decision making, and maximum results. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn Waghmode, S. S., Giri, V. V. (2010). INTRANET AND INTERNET Nyanchama, M., Osborn, S. L. (1994, August). Access Rights Administration in Role-Based Security Systems. InDBSec(pp. 37-56)W. Baldwin (May 1990). Naming Grouping Privileges to Simplify Security Management in Large Databases. In Proc. 1990 IEEE Symposium on Research in Security and Privacy (pp 116-132) Stoneburner, G., Goguen, A. Y., Feringa, A. (2002). Sp 800-30. risk management guide for information technology systems. is-types-five-level-pyramid-model 2013, url: https://eternalsunshineoftheismind.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/is-types-five-level-pyramid-model.png Corporate responsibility in the pharmaceutical industry - Growth - European Commission. (n.d.). Retrieved May 18, 2017, from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/healthcare/competitiveness/corporate-responsibility_en

Analysing Organisational Structure and Performance

Question: Discuss about the Analysing Organisational Structure and Performance. Answer: Introduction: The following paper is going to analyse the organisational structure of Qantas Airways Australia. The analysis is going to be a business level analysis. Qantas Airways is the largest domestic and international airline in Australia. Qantas started its business in the country in the year 2012 on 13th April with the operation of its first commercial flight. The main business of the Qantas group is its airlines brands. Qantas links more than 50 cities in the country and almost all the countries in the world. It has more than two hundred and fifty aircrafts in daily operation among which 160 aircrafts are operated in doemestic purpose and the rest are operated overseas. Qantas Airways have three sister organisations- Qantas, QantasLink and Jetstar. In the organisation, there are more than nine million members and more than four hundred active program partners. As a business and service organisation Qantas has been providing the best service to the Autralian and international customers for more than five years. The loyalty of Qantas has been reportedly successful due to more than 50% household interventions (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission 2017). Brief Idea on Organisational Structure: Organisational structure is a concept or a process by which the program of an organisation is set through allocation of work to the particular organisation members, coordination of the employees in order to confirm the best organisational culture and supervision of work in order to ensure the quality of work done by the employees and the managers. The basic structure of an organisation is set by the directors of it (Ashkenas et al. 2015). Organisational structure is categorised in different segments. The segments vary depending on the designed model of organisation. Basic structure comprises of an individual, it may consist of a department or branch of the company or a workgroup (Watson 2013). Followings are the general categories of the organisational structure: Classification of Organisation Structure of Qantas: The Qantas airways has clearly defined and structured the model of its organisational team in order to confirm specific business practices within it. This is how the corporate governance is practiced. The company has clearly structured the Hierarchy community phenotype model providing different specific roles to the most suitable employees and the teams (Wang 2016). This model follows the both the hierarchical participation and community participation practices in order to strengthen the ladder of community building in the company (Cummings and Worley 2014). Community building is highly prioritised by the present CEOs of Qantas domestic, Qantas International and QantasLink. The Chief Financial Officer of the Qantas Group Tino La Spina has also decided to frame a particular structure of the working employees in the organisation. The recent change of the Chief executive Officers of the Qantas group has been announced by the board of directors who hold the power of ultimate decision mak ing pertaining to the core business practice of the organisation (Perrott 2015). The company has shown its belief on the long term working employees as most of the recruited CEOs and the CFO have been working with the group for more than 15 to twenty years(Qantas.com.au, 2017). Qantas group has specified its departments in the following departments following the standard model of structure in the particular industry- Type of Qantas Organisational Structure: The companys structure is absolutely post-bureaucratic in nature. As the company implements total quality management i.e. culture management and matrix management it definitely falls into that category. According to Shafritz, Ott and Jang (2015), a company falls under post-bureaucratic structure if it has proper formalisation of the working groups, codification of the working rules and ethics and proper enforcement of the terms for the employees. Since, Qantas has been following all the rules and enforcing them stringently and strategically upon the employees, it can be considered as a company having post-bureaucratic structure. The departmental heads of the company enjoys absolute power in making firm decision for the sake of business growth of it (Annosi, Khanagha and Magnusson 2015). The company also follows divisional structure as it empowers the divisional heads to operate divisional functions. Qantas has been working skilfully to ensure work division upon the workers according to the departments. Local coordination between the employees is also taken care of. In the international level, the company has been able to comprise divisive workforce that has successfully linked departments like engineering and finance, attendance and logistics, marketing and human resources. However, every department is held responsible for the success of the other (Qantas.com.au 2017). This model was designed by Griffiths and his scholarly group. They structured the model from the concept of genetics. In terms of management and business, active participation of the workers or the employees in different sectors- formal hierarchical and informal community- is accounted. The model concerns about their mode of community building and way of expression. Qantas Airways has the vast potentiality of involving the employees in formal hierarchical and informal community participation. This is how the company maintains the Hierarchy Community Model (March 2013). Independence of the Directors: The company, while maintaining the terms of the Corporations Act, has been providing ample independence to the directors to determine and take rightful and positive decisions pertaining to the welfare of the company (Homsombat and Fu 2014). In case of corporate governance, continuous development of the directors is a vital part of the company. Diversity is another unique criterion of Qantas Airways while structuring the upper level body i.e. the body of governance. Diversity in leadership has been one of the main focuses of the company while structuring the corporate body (Murray 2014). It has, therefore, created a diversified council for the Chief Executive Officers. The Diversity Council has regular working objective and the council meet together on a regular basis in order to analyse the present business operations as well as to propose future business strategies. In the Financial Year 2015-16 the council was seen o have taken some important initiatives regarding the strategic pla nning on the market as well as on the lower level organisational structure(Qantas.com 2017). Structural policies of the company: The company has created several policies in order to resolve structural problems and issues. This was done in order to highlight whether the employees working in different working communities have any grievances pertaining to the role and governance of the company. However, legitimate grievances are considered from the higher level (Gross and Dreizler 2013). Employee Share Trading policy: This policy is one of the stringent policies made by the company in order to set limitations for the employees from taking part in the higher level governance. The policy was structured to ensure that the employees do not breach the security terms and conditions designed by the organisation (Su, Baird and Schoch 2015). This policy was designed in order to allow the employees make report of the illegal and illegitimate concerns or activities happeing in the different level in the company. This was designed so that the employees remain loyal to the company and set proper working environment (Lucarelli 2014). Influences on Structure: Different company issues and positivity have effective influence on the organisational structure of it (Dischner 2015). Followings are the influences that may have different impacts on the structure of an organisation: Organisational Culture: Qantas Airways is known for its positive culture and behaviour of the employees. The companies are highly motivated to express their urge of creativity. Business Strategy: organisational structure of a company is set according to the desgned business strategy and Qantas is of no exception. From the higher level governance to the class four staff- the company has been structuring and guiding the workforce to provide best service to the customers (Adizes, Cudanov and Rodic 2017). Current Structural Issues: The massive problem that the company has been facing or it is rather worthy to say what the company is criticised for is the frequent change in the managerial workforce division. It has been found that the managers are often shifted or replaced by the new comers. The other issues, which is rather a minor one, is that the company often becomes stringent to maintain its policies. Constant change in the organisational policies has been affecting the structure of the organisation. The effects have attitudes of duality. Conclusion: Organisational structure is one of the key factors behind the success of a company. There are multiple effects of organisational structure- starting from organisational behaviour to the higher level corporate business. Qantas has been one of the largest airliners in the world. This massiveness of the company has different structural design altogether. It has helped the company in measuring performance of it. It can easily be concluded that the organisational structure of Qantas Airways is a cohesive and well designed one affecting the overall performance of the company in a positive way. Reference: Adizes, I., Cudanov, M. and Rodic, D., 2017. Timing of Proactive Organizational Consulting: Difference between Organizational Perception and Behaviour.Amfiteatru Economic,19(44), p.232. Annosi, M.C., Khanagha, S. and Magnusson, M., 2015. Breaking the iron cage: A multi-level perspective towards organizational control in post-bureaucratic structure. InStrategic Management Special Conference, St. Gallen, 2015. Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T. and Kerr, S., 2015.The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure. John Wiley Sons. 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