On June 5th, 1850 Pat Garrett Is Born In Chambers County, Alabama. One

On June 5th, 1850 Pat Garrett is born in Chambers County, Alabama. One of seven children, he was the son of John Lumpkin Garrett and Elizabeth Ann Jarvis Garrett. In 1873, John Garrett purchased a Louisiana plantation in Claiborne Parish. Pat went to school and grew up there. On January 25th, 1869 (after the civil war), Garrett leaves Louisiana to become a buffalo hunter in Texas. After the slaughter of buffaloes became unprofitable in 1878, Garrett settles down in Fort Sumner, New Mexico. On January 18th, 1880, he marries Apolinaria Gutierrez. The couple had 9 children. On July 19th, 1878 the Lincoln County, New Mexico, War draws to an end following the Five Days Battle at Lincoln. Henry McCarty, alias Kid Antrim, alias William H. Bonney, alias Billy the Kid is one of many outlaws still loose and running. While Pat Garrett likely knew Billy the Kid, saying they were friends is an overstatement. Neither had much in common, except both were experts with guns. (Garrett was not in the Lincoln County War.) On November 2nd, 1880, Pat Garrett, a Democrat, is elected sheriff of Lincoln County. He vows to bring the current reign of lawlessness to an end. On December 15th, 1880, New Mexico Governor Lew Wallace, through a newspaper notice, puts a $500 bounty on the head of Billy the Kid dead or alive (the equivalent in today's economy would be $10,000). Pat Garrett and his posse trap Billy the Kid and others in a one-room rock house at Stinking Springs, near Fort Sumner on December 20th-21st, 1880. The posse mistakenly kills Charlie Bowdre (one of Billy's most loyal friends). The Kid and the others surrender that afternoon. Garrett takes the shackled prisoners by buckboard into Las Vegas, where Garrett has to fight off a mob at the train station before he can move on to the state prison at Santa Fe. (The mob was after one of the prisoners, Dave Rudabaugh, who was wanted for numerous murders of that region.) On April 15th, 1881 at Mesilla, New Mexico, a judge turns the Kid over to Sheriff Pat Garrett, after a trial, and orders that he Kid be hanged in Lincoln on May 13. While Sheriff Pat Garrett is in White Oaks, N.M., Billy the Kid escapes the Lincoln jail on April 28th, after killing both his guards, James Bell and Bob Olinger. On July 13th or 14th, 1881, at midnight, Sheriff Pat Garrett shoots Billy the Kid dead at Fort Sumner, N.M., when the Kid walks into Pete Maxwell's darkened bedroom. Garrett was squatting alongside the mattress talking with Maxwell as the Kid entered. The Kid saw Garrett but did not recognize him due to the darkness and the fact that Garrett was sitting or stooped down. The Kid cocked his revolver and hoarsely whispered Quien es? (Who is it?). Garrett fires twice, one bullet striking the Kid squarely in the heart. The other shot goes wild. Some believe that the Kid only carried a knife into Maxwell's room. Others believe that Garrett shot the wrong man because of the darkness and The Kid lived to be 101 years old in Old Mexico. In 1882, a book is published entitled The Authentic Life of Billy the Kid, the Noted Desperado of the Southwest. Garrett's name is on the cover as author, but Ash Upson, a close friend, newspaperman, and notary, said he (Upson) wrote every word of it. The book sold poorly. Garrett runs for sheriff of newly created Chavez County, N.M in 1890. He is defeated and leaves New Mexico and lives in Uvalde Co., Texas for some time. Garrett purchases a ranch in the San Andres Mountains, N.M. in 1899. His family lives there while Pat works in Las Cruces, Mesilla and Dona Ana, N.M. On December 16th, 1901, President Theodore Roosevelt nominates Pat Garrett as United States customs collector at El Paso, Texas. He is a controversial appointment. In December 1905, President Roosevelt refuses to reappoint Pat Garrett as El Paso collector of customs on the border of Old Mexico. Garrett and his family return to their ranch in the San Andres Mountains. In January 1908, James P. Miller, a hired assassin now claiming he is a Mexican cattle buyer, offers to purchase the

Apollo s Enchantment

Apollo s Enchantment Free Online Research Papers Apollo s Enchantment is an oil based on canvas, That is 43 3/4 x 56 in wide with a wooden frame around the paining. It is a circle of mythology Greek gods around one their our. In the top center is Zeus in a cherry red toga with women around him. Athena is to top right next wear a dark white and obstinate orange wrapped around the dark white on her head is a navy blue helmet. In the center right below Athena is Ares he wearing a heartthrob red toga with helmet of heartthrob red and gusto gold. To the bottom right is Artemis wearing a forest green dress with a golden pot in her hand. In center on the bottom is Aphrodite wearing a daisy yellow dress with a golden cup in her hands. In the center of the painting is Apollo sit on stool of gusto gold with a extra white on him awhile he is holding golden lyre. To the bottom left is Hermes wearing a lusty red toga with a golden magic wand. In the center left is Hades wearing a show stopping red toga around are ghostly white people serving him.To the top left is Poseidon wearing cayenne orange with pearly white hair surrounding him are blissful blue people. Emphasis is based on the one focus point of the painting. The art that is the main point of this painting is Apollo. The work is center my the light images around Apollo. Taking Apollo from the other mythology gods around him are dark to focus the light around Apollo in the larger art scale. Directional forces influences as to pay attentions to parts of the artwork. Like the way it is in a circular motion around Apollo. By the way all others god are looking towards him in the center of the celebration. Well this based on imagination because of the mythology Greek gods. I think the gods are have a celebration the light of Apollo. By having Apollo in the center they are stating that they will lost with the light of that god to the darkness for those who the protect. With their eyes on Apollo they are in trance by his glow and the truth of mankind behind him. West has very good craftsmanship in this art. He knew of the mythology Greek gods. He drew them are what the represent in the Greek mythology aspect. He understand that Apollo is god of music, playing a golden lyre and his chariot with four horses an drive the Sun across the sky. The god of healing who taught man medicine,The god of light, and The god of truth.If didnt do his task the mortal world would be in darkness .To use oil based paint made it hard because of it slow drying procedures. At is magnitude of painting at this moment of time when those around were searching for an higher source to believe in. This theme is not timeless there are still many people believe and worship the mythology Greek gods. It is an beautiful painting I would see it again. It made me want to take time in the little things we take for granted. Like the air we breathe and the warm of a sunny day. Research Papers on Apollo 's EnchantmentWhere Wild and West MeetThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Hockey GameCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XResearch Process Part OneThe Fifth HorsemanThe Spring and AutumnMind Travel

Barack Obama Speech in Cairo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Barack Obama Speech in Cairo - Essay Example In a maiden speech delivered in Cairo University on 6 April 2009, he addressed violent extremism, Israel and Palestine war, nuclear weapons, democracy, women's rights and economic development.  He asserted that the West and Islam should start confronting these issues. This paper will only focus on the issue of violent extremism in America. It will explain why the issue is meaningful to me and analyze the assertions Obama made about the issue and the evidence he gives to support those assertions. I believe that the issue of violent extremism is very significant in this context. America is seemingly the most democratic country in the world subject to its race and religion diversity. Prior to this speech, tension between the United States and Muslims around the world had been rising for years. Islam and the West had relationships marred by cooperation as well as conflicts. While the West fostered modernization and globalization, the Muslim nations view the West acts as demeaning to th e Islam traditions. As a result, Muslims execute violence against the Americans killing Muslims, Christians, and innocent people though America. In addition, America in its right to freedom of worship encompasses both Muslims and Christians. In fact, Obama himself confesses the Muslim faith though his mother was a Christian and his father a Muslim. Indeed, this seems to be a war between America and the Muslim. Obama being the president of America, having confessed Muslim, and Egypt being a Muslim nation he is in a contradicting position to address this issue. Hence, this issue is domineering over the others. Obama asserts that America has never been, is not, and will never be at war with Islam. He confirms that just like any other nation and faith, America only rejects the killing of innocent men, women, and children. He argues that even Muslims cannot condone such killings as the Quran forbids them. He also recognizes the words of the second President of the United States, John Ada ms who proclaimed that, America has no character of enmity against the laws, religion, or tranquility of Muslims (USA Today Web). However, he observes that it is his and other willing partner’s duty to confront violent extremists for the sake of American and world security. He also asserts that American has demonstrated its goals and quest for unity in fighting the violent extremists in Afghanistan. To this assertion, he reminds the audience that the United States had international support in pursuing al Qaeda and the Taliban. In fact, a coalition of 46 countries was in the pursuit (USA Today Web). Additionally, he asserts that America was justified to venture in that pursuit. He narrates that Al Qaeda killed nearly 3,000 innocent people from all nations on the September 11 attack with a vow to continue launching more killings. Indeed, these attacks have made some Americans to view Islam as an inevitably hostile way of life to all. As such, he argues that it was only fair for America, with the support of the international community, to pursue them with an aim of bringing justice to the victims and prevent more attacks. He however asserts that America will not keep its troops in Afghanistan for a long time. He confers that the pursuit has been costly, caused many casualties, and is politically difficult to manage.

Cognitive biases and decision making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cognitive biases and decision making - Essay Example ob applicant, an interviewer may give a high rating to another applicant who is average at best because they appear more qualified than the previous applicant. Adjustment and anchoring biases may also influence decision making, especially in cases where the individual tends to make judgments on the basis of their initial assessments as anchor, while failing to make sufficient later adjustments (Das & Teng, 1999: p760). For example, an interviewer who has a high-caliber anchor or descriptions of the perfect job candidate may give average applicants substantially higher scores than the interviewer who has anchors of a lower caliber. In this case, evaluation and judgment is not dependent on competence but, rather, on anchors (Das & Teng, 1999: p760). Availability bias also influences the process of decision making, specifically as a result of inaccurate evaluation of event frequency based on the ease of memory recall. The aspects of a specific issue that are unusual and, as a result, more memorable, are more easily recalled and occur more frequently, which negatively influences the process of decision making in most cases. For instance, an interviewer may be influenced more by unfavorable and negative information as compared to more positive information. In such a scenario, availability biases is referent to a condition in which imaginations and beliefs of what could or should happen leads to the ind ividual making the decision remembering similar past situations and applying them to the current situation (Das & Teng, 1999: p760). Confirmation biases also have a unique impact on the decision making process and outcomes. In this case, there is a tendency for the decision-maker to look for evidence in order to confirm pre-conceptions, while ignoring any information that contradicts these pre-conceptions. One scenario that is especially liable to cognitive bias but can be improved through using the right decision making process is an evaluation of appropriate climate

Do financial management decisions influence firm value Essay

Do financial management decisions influence firm value - Essay Example Investment Decisions The BP is a well-established company that diversified into business such as chemicals, coal, gas, minerals and nutrition that would improve the effectiveness of the company. This diversification strategy led to problems in allocating investment resources between the different division’s projects of the large conglomerate. According to Dayananda (2002), the investment has led to losses that demonstrate that the company could not successfully compete in the fiercely competitive international oil business while also trying to compete in other business. Owing to the volatile prices, BP shifted to the financial tool to help it to accomplish its strategies goals. According to Kent & Gerald (2011), the company began to concentrate primary on the investment business; problems of fitting corporate decisions into both the strategic and financial framework of the company are difficult to resolve. This led to a conclusion that the investment decisions were based upon dissimilar theories that sometimes contracted each other. BP investment growth focused on three areas of great interest; deep-water production, global gas including unconventional gas, and managing some of the major globe oilfields. In each field, BP has made significant advances. Financial Decisions Eugene & Michael (2010) demonstrate that finding useful financial tools to make informed investment decisions has traditionally been the point of interest of corporate financial officers. The most widely accepted financial decision focus mainly on a narrow range of internal variables, quantitative information, shorter-term results, control processes, and techniques to determine specific risks of the BP. McDonald (2001) indicate that BP outlined financial decisions to further enhance efficiency and condense costs within the company with the main purpose of improving its annual underlying pre-tax profitability. The company is expected to enhance capital efficiency and improve returns in t he coming years. Finally, BP's financial management decisio

The Importance Of Interpersonal Communication Cultural Studies Essay

The Importance Of Interpersonal Communication Cultural Studies Essay Taking this class has really opened up my eyes on just how important communication skills really are whether it be verbal communication or non-verbal communication. In this paper I am going to focus on the interpersonal relationships. I think for me this was the most helpful for me with everything I have learned on communication. With writing this paper I understand interpersonal communication a little more than I did before. Everyone should be made to take a class so they actually understand communication and a way to just not have and I dont care attitude. Today many people still lack the ability to communicate effectively with in interpersonal relationships. It is through cooperation and collaboration that effective communication occurs. By analyzing and studying the communication process we can improve our ability to communicate effectively between one another. To have a successful interpersonal relationship one must first interact with others in an informal setting, which is called interpersonal communication (Hybels pg.156). Recognizing emotions in other is a very important first step to building a relationship. If you cant feel what someone else is feeling then you cant connect with them on a personal level and that can hinder your relationship process. Interpersonal communication is important because of the functions it achieves. Whenever we engage in communication with another person, we seek to gain information about them. We also give off information through a wide variety of verbal and non-verbal cues. Verbal communication has huge effects on many aspects of life, including interpersonal relationships. Speaking and telling our needs and wants verbally or non-verbally is a necessity for daily life. Verbal communication is organized by language; non-verbal communication is not. Most of us spend about 75 percent of our waking hours communicating our knowledge, thoughts, and ideas to others. However, most of us fail to realize that a great deal of our communication is of a non-verbal form as opposed to the oral and written forms. Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions, eye contact, tone of voice, body posture and motions, and positioning within groups. It may also include the way we wear our clothes or the silence that we keep. In person-to-person communications our messages are sent on two levels simultaneously. If the nonverbal cues and the spoken message are incongruous, the flow of communication is hindered. Right or wrong, the receiver of the communication tends to base the intentions of the sender on the non-verbal cues one receives. Before a person makes an attempt to form an interpersonal relationship they must decide what attracts them to that person. There are many factors that make up attraction to others. Physical attraction, perceived gain, similarities, differences, and proximity are some of them (Hybels, 2007). Most people are first attracted to others because of the way they look. Some people might have distinct characteristics that one might be attracted to such as; blues eyes, short hair, or even a small space between their teeth. If a person is not attracted to your appearance they are not likely to come up and carry on a conversation with you. For example, if an individual, who dislikes tattoos, is taking a class and has to choose a partner for a project, but there are only two people left and one of them has tattoos he or she will mostly likely choose the individual without tattoos, even if the person with tattoos is a very intelligent individual. There are many cases where we are attracted to someone because of the perceived gain associated them for example, one might become friends with an employee at a restaurant in hope of having discounted meal when they eat there. The similarities and differences are a major factor in determining if the relationship will be right for you. Often we find ourselves attracted to people that share the same beliefs, values, and religion. Most people are also attracted to people who enjoy the same activities as they do. Contrary to the similarities people may also be attracted to the differences. For example, person who doesnt like making decisions might be attracted to a strong decision maker. Because these characteristics complement each other, they might help strengthen the relationship (Hybels, 2007 pg161). Proximity is a valuable factor also when it comes to evaluating the pros and cons of a relationship. Proximity is the close contact that occurs when people share an experience such as at work, school, or play (Hybels, 2007 pg161).If a person does not want to have a long distance romantic relationship and their partner moves away to attend college in another state, then it is most likely that the relationship will not last. Moving on to the next steps of forming an interpersonal relationship would be our motives for communicating. We are motivated to form relationships for many different reasons such as, pleasure, affection, inclusion, escape, relaxation, control and health (Hybels, 2007 pg162-163). If an individual is motivated by pleasure he or she might just want someone to go to the movies or discuss politics with. Maybe we might be motivated by affection; many people are looking for someone to give them attention; a pat on the back or a little kiss every now and then. Many marriages end in divorce because of the lack of affection from their partner, but if they could have communicated effectively to each other that they needed more affection the relationship might not have ended. But no matter what might motivate us, once we have started developing a relationship we have to decide how much of our selves we want to disclose to the relationship and at what point in the relationship. Self- disclosure is a process in which one person tells another person something he or she would not reveal to just anyone (Hybels, 2007 pg168). Self-disclosure is not simply providing information to another person. Instead, scholars define self-disclosure as sharing information with others that they would not normally know or discover. Self-disclosure involves risk and vulnerability on the part of the person sharing the information. Self-disclosure performs many functions. It is also a way of gaining information about another person. We want to be able to predict the thoughts and actions of people we know. Self-disclosure is one way to learn about how another person thinks and feels. Once one person engages in self-disclosure, it is implied that the other person will also disclose personal information. Mutual disclosure deepens trust in the relationships and helps both people understand each other more. You also feel better about yourself and your relationship when the other person accepts what you tell them. While self disclosure can strengthen a relationship it can also damage it. A relationship can be damaged if the person you are pouring your soul out to do not like what they are hearing or if self-disclosure comes too early in a relationship it can be damaged. Thus, while self-disclosure is useful, it can also be damaging to a relationship. There are five different stages that we progress through while deve loping and strengthening our relationships, these are the coming together stages. No matter what type of relationship it is; romantic, platonic, or same gender relationship each kind still goes through each stages. The first stage is the initiating stage. The initiating stage is characterized by nervousness, caution, a bit of hesitation, and risk of being rejected (Hybels, 2007 pg186). Although one might proceed with caution, this stage can be very joyful experience and the outcomes can be great. Most people leave this stage with a new friend. The next stage is the experimenting stage. In this stage people make an effort to seek out common interest and experiences (Hybels, 2007 pg186). One might express a love for children and hopes of being a parent one day. This would be an important topic to discuss for a romantic relationship; each person needs to be aware of what the future might hold for them if they continue with the relationship. When experimenting with each other by discussing important topics and seeing the reactions of other, one can make a valid decision based on their knowledge of the other person to continue the relationship to the next stage. The intensifying stage is the third s tage that we go through. Self-disclosure becomes more common in the intensifying stage. The relationship becomes less formal and statements are made about the level of commitment each has to the relationship. In this stage individuals might have nick names for one another or inside jokes. A statement about attending a vacation next summer in France is an example of the commitment one might have for the relationship. But while self-disclosure becomes more common and makes the relationship stronger it can also make the participants vulnerable to each other. The integrating stage is the fourth stage. This is the point where personalities are beginning to merge; people are expecting to see them together (Hybels, 2007 pg187). The individuals become a pair. They begin to do things together and, importantly, others come to see them as a pair. A shared relational identity also starts to form in this stage. By the end of this stage individuals should know how to communicate and responds with ease and understanding of the other persons feelings. The final stage of coming together is the bonding stage. At this point, the participants make some sort of commitment that announces their relationship to those around them (Hybels, 2007 pg 188). Two girls friends might say they are now best friends to announce their comment to their relationship or a couple might announce they are getting married or buying a house together. This stage involves a lot of commitment and dedication to the relationship and to each other. In all of the stages discussed we all have decision to make. We can either progress forward to the next stage, stay in the same stage we are in, move back a stage or exit the relationship all together. No matter what we as individuals choose to do we need to know how to communicate effectively to that next stage and we need to know how to handle conflict or resolve conflict in our relationships. We can do this by conflict resolution, which is negotiating to find a solution to the conflict (Hybels, 2007 pg202). Depending on how a conflict is resolved it can produce a positive or negative result. For example if two sisters are fight over a dress to wear on the weekend, they have two choices: one wear the dress and the other one does not, which leaves one sister unhappy (negative outcome) or neither of them wear it, so both are satisfied and neither of them are jealous of the other (positive outcome). It also helps to take a positive approach to conflict resolution, where discussion is considerate and non-confrontational, and the heart of the matter is on issues rather than on individuals. If this is done, then as long as people listen carefully and explore facts, issues and possible solutions properly, conflict can often be resolved effectively. In conclusion, communication is the key to everyday life. You have to communicate on a daily basis so why not learn some skills that are going to help you communicate more effectively so you are understood instead of misunderstood. Your body language is also an important key, you need to show that you have good body language and you can gain more positive friends and more people will be willing to walk up to you and talk. Everything now a day is based on how you present yourself to someone you meet.

Essay --

Unethical business practices have been an issue over the past decade, from Enron to Wall Street. Pilot Flying J recently was prosecuted for defrauding many of their clients. The scandal extended all the way to the senior management. The scandal was driven by greed and could have easily been prevented by applying one or all of the following five systems: written contracts, external auditors, compliance officers, handbook training, and moles. Pilot Flying J only had informal verbal agreements with their partners; they did not have firm contracts. When combined with the complexities needed to calculate the constantly varying average cost of fuel and the sophistication needed to interpret these numbers, PFJ had some flexibility to fudge the numbers if inclined. Due to constantly varying fuel prices the average cost of the fuel was constantly changing, leading to relatively significant changes in the amount of the rebates. Since their clients complained about being cheated due to the varying rebates, PFJ decided to manually change the rebates so that they are more consistent. This manual change often reduced ones rebate. This reasoning illustrates the senior management’s lack of ethics. PFJ and their clients had somewhat of a rough verbal contract. Verbal contracts are just as enforceable as written contracts on paper, but it is not as easy to enforce them in the real world. Written contracts between Pilot Fly ing J and their customers would have forced PFJ to become more accountable to their customers. A written contract should have been made between PFJ and their customers that stated the discount rate and all of the other factors that went into the relationship. PFJ was not transparent in their inner workings, often ... ...to ensure that they are both doing their duty. Neither of these options for placing a mole within ones organization would be difficult or time consuming. Either option would be a valid way to ensure that nothing illicit is going on inside the business. Although having a mole in one’s organization can be seen as borderline illegal and unethical, if having a mole prevents fraud on a significant scale, then it is considered justifiable. By following any of the aforementioned ways to enact systems that create a lawful work place PFJ could have prevented this scandal from happening. All PFJ had to do was spend a little time reiterating their daily rules and procedures. These systems were probably not in place because the executives were the ones that were committing the fraudulent activities. Greed has cost Pilot Flying J $85 billion dollars and their good name.

The USA Patriot Act Should be Amended

Every sane individual would agree with the assertion that what occurred on September 11, 2001 is indeed a tragedy for the American public. With this grief came the awareness and fear that terrorism has become a global dilemma. In line with such events, the US government led by President George W. Bush Jr. initiated an all out war against terrorism (global war on terror). The latter called for measures within and outside the United States that would supposedly crack down on terrorist groups and safeguard national security (Ahmed, 268).The main legislative measure employed is through the USA Patriot Act. The said Act extended the powers of U. S. law enforcement agencies for the mentioned purpose of conquering terrorism domestically and abroad. For example, the act increases the ability of law enforcement agencies in terms of surveillances (electronic, medical, immigration or financial records et cetera). As the Max Brenn reports, the USA Patriot Act:â€Å"†¦furthered foreign inte lligence gathering within the United States; expanded the authority of the US Secretary of Treasury to regulate financial transactions involving foreign entities; and permitted a high level of discretion of law enforcement and immigration authorities in detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts. † (Brenn, 2007) The term â€Å"domestic terrorism† was also included in the definition of terrorism in the said Patriot Act, this means that the exercise of authority of law enforcement agencies covered a larger scope of activities.This paper asserts that the US Patriot Act should be amended due to its vague policies, the overpower it gives governmental agencies (i. e. the SNL), and the incompatibility of some of its provisions with the American constitution. Further, it must be noted that despite being amended last 2006, a lot of provisions (even those that are permanently stipulated) continue to violate civil liberties; with at least two provisions of the said act already being deemed to be unconstitutional.Moreover, the USA Patriot act as it is does not meet the urgency it had in 2001, as such it order to be in line with its purpose, it must be amended in accordance to the needs of our time. First, it has been argued that the said law infringes the right of individuals in terms of privacy as well as due process as well as giving too much power to the FBI, CSI etc. This is exemplified by the provisions in the Patriot act that allows for delayed if not with held search warrants.This goes to say that law enforcement officers have the authorization to conduct â€Å"sneak and peek† searches, wherein the owner or person concerned are not given notice nor is asked for permission regarding a search. Moreover it is the case that the NSLs (National Security Letters) are deemed to be used to acquire documents including telephone, email, financial and even library records (all of which are deemed as private) without the proper ap proval of a judicial court.It is further the case that most of the public records which the Federal Bureau of Investigations gains access too are supposed to be covered by the fourth amendment of the constitution and not to mention governed by client-company/institutional/professional privilege. Further, in support of the argument that the Patriot Act infringes civil liberties, we may review the current rulings of certain courts. Take for example, last September 6, 2007 the rewritten Patriot Act was held by U. S. District Judge Victor Marrero as offensive to the fundamental principles upheld by our constitution.A more current blow to the said law is the ruling of a federal judge that at least two provisions of the Patriot act are unconstitutional last September 26, 2007. This is again with regards to the warrantless searches and acquisition of records through the NSL which are in direct violation of the fourth amendment. The constitution is the primary source of the laws that govern s the land. In its current state, some aspects of the Patriot Act are contrary to the stipulations of the constitution.As such, there is a need to amend the Act otherwise, it would be nullified for not coinciding with the things that are upheld and safeguarded by the constitution. A lot of states have already agreed that the legislature contradicts with the fundamental principles of the constitution, one of this states is Montana (Graham-Felsen, 2005). The following are specific parts of the constitution that the Patriot Act needs to take into consideration and uphold at all times. In order for this to happen, the law would have to be amended.Aside from the fourth amendment, the Patriot act also needs to be amended in order to uphold the sixth amendment of the US constitution which assures the right of individuals to proper judicial processes. The USA Patriot Act warrants the use of shady courts in the sense that people suspected of terrorist activities despite lack of sufficient ev idence are tried without due presence of outside juries and proper documentation open to public scrutiny. This directly violates the 6th amendment because it allows underground processing of suspects.There is also reason to believe that US citizens are subjected to surveillance based on their religion and other affiliations, a direct violation of one’s right to self-determination. This is through the authority given to law enforcement agencies to tap into records of individuals without enough probable cause (ACLU, 2007). Further, Americans and immigrants are subjected to unconstitutional investigations and interrogations even if there is insufficient proof of these persons being actual threats to national security.There are inconveniences that occur today that manifest the extent to which the Patriot Act is shown to be a hindrance rather than a protection of national security. This can be seen through the incidents reported wherein American citizens are forced to delay flight s due to their inclusion to the no fly list by merely bearing the same name as a person suspected by the FBI or Homeland Security. One of the worst incidents perhaps is the wrongful accusation of Brandon Mayfield; whose fingerprints were mistakenly matched with the prints found in the Madrid Train Bombings of 2004 (Molina, 2007).Nonetheless, these faulty aspects of the Act can be amended to remove the errors it possesses. We cannot deny that there is indeed a need to safeguard our national security in order for us to live; rights do not function in a vacuum. There are certain conditions that have to be met in order for us to practice the liberties we love and cherish. The USA Patriot act and its rigidity is the right legislative course of action in 2001, its effectiveness can be improved to fit our society’s post-9/11 scenario.Certain provisions like those that continue to override the rights of the people need to be further amended to suit the constitutional system of our co untry. Some of the provisions are indeed too drastic and need to be re-evaluated and if necessary repealed; however some of the contents of the said Act do address the need to protect our land from terrorism. It must once again be clarified that even if the author deems that some provisions should be repealed, it does not necessarily follow the law in its entirety should be abolished.Specifically, the US congress could start by setting the limits to the use of NSLs by the FBI. Truly this aspect of the Patriot Act has been proven to be problematic. According to CNN. com, the White House itself expressed its concern regarding this misuse of powers last March 2007 which the FBI director at that time claim responsibility for (Arena & Quijano, 2007). In addition the reauthorization of the Patriot Act includes new policies that once again contain vague and ambiguous terms like, â€Å"an offense against the United States† and â€Å"reasonable grounds†.Indeed the latter would be significant in the sense that the said law warrants also the forming of a secret/special police force are given power to arrest and keep out people at their own discretion in lieu of a â€Å"special event of national significance† present (Roberts, 2006). The latter again is left undefined. These limitations, and the necessary provisions that safeguard the rights of the people, within reason, would be resolved through an amendment of the USA Patriot Act. The law needs to adapt to the necessity of the time on which it is suppose to serve its purpose.The aforementioned are samples of the provisions of which our congress could start reviewing and amending. Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness would regain its fullest meaning if and only if, we accept the need to safeguard, first and foremost, this country. Works Cited Ahmed, Nafeez M. The War on Freedom: How and Why America was Attacked September 11, 2001. CA: Tree of Life Publications, 2002 Arena, Kelli and Quijano, E laine. â€Å"Audit: FBI's Patriot Act snooping broke rules. † CNN. com. March 9, 2007. Accessed 5 October 2007 . Brenn, Max. â€Å"Sections of the Patriot Act Unconstitutional- Judge. † Efluxmedia. September 7, 2007. accessed October 8, 2007 at Graham-Felsen, Sam. â€Å"Sweet Victory: Montana Acts Patriotic. † The Nation. April 8, 2005. accessed 6 October 2007 . Molina, Mike R. â€Å"Federal judge rules Patriot Act search, surveillance provisions unconstitutional. † Paperchase news burst.Jurist; Legal News and Research. September 26, 2007. accessed 6 October 2007 . Roberts, Paul Craig. â€Å"Unfathomed Dangers in PATRIOT Act Reauthorization. † Anti-War. com. January 24, 2006. accessed 3 October 2007 at . â€Å"Federal Court Strikes Down Patriot Act Search and Surveillance Provisions. † American Civil Liberties Union. September 27, 2007. Date accessed 7 October 2007 < http://www. aclu. org/safefree/patriot/31989prs20070927. html>.

Use Of Satire In Huck Finn Essays - English-language Films

Use Of Satire In Huck Finn Essays - English-language Films Use Of Satire In Huck Finn The journey taken by two people down a river, is rarely thought of as anything more than just an adventure. However, Mark Twain uses his novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, to explore and poke fun of many problems facing American society. Huck, the main character, is considered an uneducated boy who is constantly under pressure to conform to the civilized aspects of society. Jim, who accompanies Huck, is a runaway slave seeking freedom from the world that has denied it to him for so long. In his novel, Twain uses satire to demonstrate many of civilizations problems. In the beginning of the story, Huck sneaks away from his home to play with Tom Sawyer and his friends. The boys start a gang and decide that one of the things they will do is kidnap people, and hold them for ransom. The boys quickly discover that they cannot ransom anyone because they don't know what ransom means. Tom has a theory as to the meaning of the word, But per'aps if we keep them till they're ransomed, it means that we keep them till they're dead.(12) Without any doubts, all of the boys agree with this meaning of the word. In this segment of the novel, Twain uses satire to demonstrate that even though something may be truly wrong, if civilization or society adopts it to be true, then it is believed to be true. Twain may be specifically using the issue of slavery as his target, in this instance of satire. During the time period in which The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written, religion was as much a part of civilization, as was an education. Religion is one of the key victims of Twain's satire throughout the novel. This satire is no more apparent then when Huck's guardian, the Widow Douglas, preaches to him about Moses. Huck didn't think very much of her lecture; Here she was a-bothering about Moses, which was no kin to her, and no use to anybody, being gone, you see...(3) Twain uses Huck to exhibit his objection to the blind faith that civilized society places towards religion. During Huck and Jim's journey, they encounter two men who refer to themselves as the Duke and the King. Theses characters make their living by swindling people out of their money. When they are eventually caught, they pay for their sins by being tarred and feathered. Huck expresses his thoughts on the subject by saying, It was a dreadful thing to see. Human beings can be awful cruel to one another.(294) Through this event, Twain shows that crooks and criminals aren't the only ones that can be cruel. The crowd that considers themselves to be civilized and opposing any such imprudent and cruel acts, actually commits one themselves. Twain illustrates how a society that views themselves as civilized can display such irresponsible conduct. Twain uses a boy and a runaway slave in, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, to not only tell a story, but to express what he thinks are the problems of civilized society. Satire is the key tool in which he uses to demonstrate these problems. Through Twain's use of satire, we can not only poke fun at American society, but we can learn from its mistakes. Twain turned an ordinary adventure down a river into an exploration of the problems society, especially civilized society, faces. Because of the brilliant way in which Twain intertwines satire into his novel, the lessons in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, will be remembered forever.

Physical Education Essays

Physical Education Essays Physical Education Essay Physical Education Essay The Spartans and Athenians were the first to have a type of physical education. Though very different, both systems served the people and supplied their needs. The Spartan system was similar to dictatorship, a form of government. At the age of seven, boys were taken to learn basic military skills while living in barracks. When they reached the age of fourteen, they began learning group fighting tactics which would allow them to succeed while in the military from the ages of twenty to thirty. Once thirty, the men could then marry a women who had been doing some training of her own in order to make strong babies. The philosophy of the Spartans was basically to allow them to invade other countries if desired, and to prevent other countries from invading them. The philosophy of the Athenians was quite different compared to the Spartans. The Athenian culture was very democratic, and focused on training of the mind and body. Reading and writing was a large part of society as well as physical activity which took place in the center of the city where the gymnasium was located. The physical education philosophy of the Athenians was the high point of physical education for many years. Some other cycles in physical education that we have evolved from are that of the Romans, the dark ages, and the crusades. The Roman era is a bit disturbing, but is nonetheless a cycle of physical education. Physical education for the Romans was about athletics, which was primarily about entertainment. People were forced to fight to the death, and oftentimes fed to lions. During the dark ages, religion viewed physical education as a waste of time and a work of the devil. The dark ages were a very sedentary time for human civilization. Following the dark ages in approximately 1096, were the crusades. The crusades were a time of muscular Christianity, because of the Muslims conquering Jerusalem. Muscular Christianity is basically Christians believing that the more one trained to become good soldiers, the more Christian a person was. In 1270, the crusades ended and so did the thought of physical education being worthwhile until approximately 1400 when the renaissance period began. Physical education during the renaissance period is quite similar to physical education today. It is done to better oneself, not to be doing something for someone else. The development of physical education had another setback in the 1600s when it was very functional and not a priority. People believed that if it did not have a specific purpose, than it was a waste of time. During the 1700s, there was a big change in physical education that can be largely attributed to three people: Rousseau, Johan Simon, and Guts Muths. Rousseau was the first person to promote education for the masses and he also thought of play as being educational. In 1712, Rousseau invented an activity that is still used by millions of children everyday, recess. Johan Simon was the first physical education teacher and believed physical education should be taught along with reading and writing. Simon believed physical education should include a lot of physical labor. Guts Muths developed a series of gymnastic apparatuses and believed physical education developed very important social skills. These people of the 1700s and the things they did began paving the road to where we are today. During the 1800s, physical education programs were finding their way into universities which contributed to many things we have today. New sports were being invented, intramurals were being brought into schools, women began exercising, gymnasiums could be found in most colleges, and many recreational areas and parks were being built in order to decrease the crime rate. This continued on into the 1900s which brought on the creation of the National Collegiate Athletic Association to regulate college athletics, and the golden age of sports during the 20 and 30s. During this golden age of sport, the number of people in sport increased dramatically, the number of teachers increased, and physical education began moving toward the involvement of sport. In 1941, World War II began which brought a big shock along with it. Of the first 2 million males drafted, 45% failed their physical. With this, physical education began to be very strongly pushed in schools in order to improve the health of the American people. Since W. W. II, the United States has continued to press the importance of  physical education, which brings it to where it is today, a highly complex field with many different sub-disciplines. The sub-disciplines are: Exercise physiology, which is the study of bodily systems and their reactions to the stress of exercise. Kinesiology, which is the study of how the muscular system moves the bony structure of the body. Biomechanics, which is the study of the human body as a mechanical system, utilizing principles and applications from physics. Motor learning, which is the changes in motor performance related to experience and practice. Sport sociology, which is the social structure, social patterns, and social organization of groups engaged in sport. Sport Psychology, which is the stud of behavioral and psychological issues and problems in sport. Sport pedagogy, which is the study of the processes of teaching and coaching, the outcomes of such endeavors, and the content of fitness, physical-education, and sport-education programs. (Siedentop) These sub-disciplines have created many new jobs for people in the field of education, and will surely branch off to form others in the future. Physical education has definitely come a long way since the Spartans and Athenians. From an authoritarian type system to promoting lifespan physical education with many sciences studying the different intangibles of physical education in order to better the mind and body. These new sciences have obviously broadened the umbrella of physical education, but when looking to the future, there really is no end in sight. The growing umbrella will continue getting larger as new thoughts and ideas come, and with them, new sciences also. Definition of Physical Education PHYSICAL EDUCATION is an educational course taken during primary and secondary level, and even tertiary level that encourages psychomotor learning in a play or movement exploration setting to promote health. It is also defined as a process of learning through physical activities designed to improve physical fitness, develop motor skills, knowledge and behavior of healthy and active living, sportsmanship, and emotional intelligence. Thus,  Physical Education is not only aimed at physical development but also includes the development of the individual as a whole. 2. Concepts of physical education Physical Development Objective deals with the program of activities that builds physical power in an individual through the development of the various organic systems of the body. Motor Development Objective concerned with making physical movement useful and with as little expenditure of energy as possible and being proficient, graceful, and aesthetic in this movement. Mental Development Objective deals with the accumulation a body knowledge and the ability to think and to interpret this knowledge. Social Development Objective concerned with helping an individual in making personal adjustments, group adjustment, and adjustments as a member of society. 3. What are the legal basis and related activities in physical education? The legal basis of physical education is stated in the 1987 Constitution, Article XIV Section 19. (1) The State shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league competitions, and amateur sports, including training for international competitions, to foster self-discipline, teamwork, and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry. (2) All educational institution shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country in cooperation with athletic clubs and other sectors. Related Activities aerobic running archery badminton bowling weight training fencing soccer golf gymnastics handball mountain biking pilates self-defense volleyball.

Course is called Public Speaking. The topic is Wearing seatbelts in a Essay

Course is called Public Speaking. The topic is Wearing seatbelts in a car. Safety - Essay Example One in seven car occupants wear seat belts while in a car this translates to only 14.28 per cent of occupants. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, automobile accidents are the single leading cause of deaths of people aged between 5 to 34 years in the USA. In the year 2009, 33000 people died from automobile accidents and 2.2 million others were injured as a result (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). Wearing a seat belt prevents passengers and drivers from being thrown out of the vehicle on impact during an accident. Furthermore, it prevents fatal injuries to the occupants of the car. Even though a car is equipped with airbags these alone cannot protect occupants of the car, seat belts are required to prevent serious injury. Lack of wearing seat belts while in a car can lead to serious injuries and worst of all death. I therefore pose this question to you, are you in the 14.28 per cent category that buckles their seat belts? To prevent the deaths caused by not wearing seat belts there needs to be strict enforcement of seat belt laws by law enforcement. Most states have seat belt laws; which fall in the category of either primary or secondary, with only 19 states with no such legislation. Primary laws stipulate that a police officer should pull over a driver and issue a ticket because he or other occupants of the car are not wearing their seat belts. On the other hand, secondary laws have it that police officers can issue a ticket for seat belt violations only if the driver of the car had been pulled over for other traffic offences. Furthermore, fines to be paid need to be increased so as to deter any traffic offenders from repeated offences (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). Enforcement of these laws is the key to preventing the deaths of car occupants involved in accidents. Seat belts prevent injury in numerous ways. They restrain the strongest

E-commerce Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

E-commerce - Literature review Example For instance, according to Jia-xin, Hong-xia & Jun (2010), it is estimated that one of four customers in China and 2 of three in Europe and Korea use e-commerce in making their purchases. However, despite all the benefits associated with e-commerce from both the perspective of the business and consumer, there are inherent challenges, which are affecting both the buyers and business in e-commerce platforms. Therefore, this literature review will focus on the advantages, disadvantages of e-commerce from both the perspective of consumers and business; look at the e-commerce market in the UK; examine culture of youth employment in UK and the Hofstede’s culture dimension and finally, the theoretical framework underlying e-commerce. According to Doolin et al. (2005), most consumers making their purchases through B2C consider it as a habit because of the popularity the method has gained as a new of way of shopping for goods in the UK, U.S.A, Asia and Japan. Moreover, Jia-xin, Hong-xia & Jun (2010) argues that, e-commerce is a convenient and easier way of shopping for goods because it is more flexible in terms of place and time. Therefore, this implies that as long as you are linked to the internet you can shop from any place or any time by going online to a business’s website store and make orders for goods and services. Thus, as consumer you will need not to stop working or get stuck in traffic as you go for in-store shopping. Conversely, e-commerce shopping provides comprehensive information about goods and services that are stocked by a business to consumers, hence, making them feel satisfactory and confident in purchasing such goods and services (Jia-xin, Hong-xia & Jun, 2010). That notwithstanding, e-commerce is less costly compared to in-store shopping because consumers will not have moving from one shop to another looking for goods or engage in bargaining negotiations with salesmen, thus, saving them traffic fees and transaction energy and