Why have the educational policies of both the province of Quebec and Essay

Why have the instructive approaches of both the region of Quebec and the First Nation individuals dismissed the strategy of mu - Essay Example In any case, in Quebec, elements of schools are viewed as being exceptionally political organizations in which language enactment is utilized to instruct legislative issues. In various pieces of Canada, both multicultural and intercultural trainings are at transient stage among convenience and consolidation. Both multicultural and intercultural approaches are beneficial of predominant culture, explicitly in Quebec, where francization is huge. The previously mentioned stage is endeavored to oblige the need of different gatherings however yet, minority language and social projects are avoided from compensatory programs. Concentrating on non-political rendition of culture gave a representative comprehension to other ethnic gatherings for which the territory of Quebec has demonstrated opposition by offering ascend to politicized intercultural arrangements. The fundamental dismissing reason of multicultural projects in instruction was to forestall the fall of predominance of one’s own way of life and personality. Multicultural instruction is least wrong program in present days which guarantees that individuals from various societies won’t lose their characters and culture and simultaneously, it forestalls the social and semantic predominance of different societies. In any case, multicultural instruction projects won't dispose of the issue of bigotry from various ethnic gatherings; by and by, this program will bring the diverse culture and gatherings just as networks to oblige each other for the better society where everybody lives without other social impact in harmony and

Current Health Care Issues

Current Health Care Issues HCS/545 Camille Fuller University of Phoenix The social insurance industry exist to give safeguard measures, analyze wellbeing conditions, fix, and offer types of assistance to improve the personal satisfaction. The expense of social insurance keeps on rising every year. Human services misrepresentation is a factor that keeps on plagueing the social insurance industry. The influence social insurance extortion has on emergency clinics, is the expanding cost of clinical administrations. The accompanying examination will look at and assess how hierarchical structure and administration, culture and the absence of spotlight on social obligation influences on human services extortion. The accompanying examination will likewise incorporate proposals for counteraction of medicinal services extortion, suggestions for change of structure, administration, and culture. The accompanying exploration will incorporate counteraction measure for future circumstances including medicinal services extortion. Social insurance misrepresentation is a preventable circumstance in clinics the country over. Medical clinics burn through a great many dollars on quality affirmation and patient wellbeing and still human services misrepresentation keeps on happening. People the country over get by through medicinal services extortion. Genuine, dedicated residents of this nation are financing human services extortion beneficiaries, not by decision. Insurance agencies, Medicare, and Medicaid are being plotted by false organizations. Direct 11 news in Colorado a plan called, â€Å"Medical Provider Identity Theft† has been revealed. Culprits stol the personality of a doctor in Pueblo, Colorado. The culprits set up an office in Denver, Colorado called, â€Å"A Plus Billing. † The workplace and address was utilized to get mail and calls. The physician’s name and clinical ID number was utilized to charge Medicare for test and techniques that were not preformed. This sort of plan is spinning out of control over the United States. Dr. Cabiling didn't realize that his personality had been taken until he gotten a call from Medicare. Medicare asked Dr. Cabiling on the off chance that he rehearsed in Denver and Dr. Cabiling stated, â€Å"No. † Medicare at that point told Dr. Cabililng that they had gotten bills from an office in Denver with his name and clinical ID number for installment of administrations rendered. Dr. Cabiling just practices in Pueblo and not in Denver. Further examination revealed more than $1. 8 million dollars had been paid out to the A Plus Billing Company. â€Å"Court reports show the location A Plus Billing utilized was 600 seventeenth Street in Denver, room 2800. The organization submitted bills for various things including MRI’s and EKG testing, guaranteeing they had clinical workplaces at that address. Be that as it may, rather, 11 News found it was home to an organization employed to get mail and pick up the telephone for $150 per month. What's more, as per records, the woman who was assume to take care of that tab, Aliya Valeeva, is no longer in the nation. Medicare sent the cash to a record at a BBVA/Compass Bank in Denver, under the name of A Plus Billing. Presently the FBI has moved to seize about $800,000 of it (Potter, 2011). † Dr. Cabiling accidentally got checks from Cigna, driving the doctor to accept that the phantom organization had focused on other insurance agencies other than Medicare. Before President Obama’s human services change, insurance agencies were required to submit installment for administrations rendered inside 15 days of receipt of the case. Since President Obama's human services change act the course of events for installment of administrations rendered gives offices more opportunity to make installments, survey and examine claims. False cases are simpler to identify with the new human services change in influence. False cases are the same old thing to insurance agencies. Culprits have focused on insurance agencies for quite a while. Medicare and Medicaid are the two kind of insurance agencies focused on. Medicare and Medicaid staff is immersed with claims. There are more professes to be handled then there are staff and time. New courses of events and directions to follow, permit the staff to catch up on dubious cases. Since the Affordable Health Care Act was passed and actualized â€Å"Medicare authorities state with their new devices for battling misrepresentation, they have recovered $4 billion a year ago alone (Potter, 2011)†. The past authoritative structure for installment of administrations rendered didn't permit authorities sufficient opportunity to examine professes to guarantee the cases were authentic. Culprits study the law and utilize the information to extortion protection and government organizations. The administration of rules, guidelines and laws was not severe enough to prevent culprits from cheating the framework. New rules permit offices more opportunity to recognize dubious cases, examine and spare the insurance agencies a huge number of dollars. Society doesn't focus on proactive activities to forestall extortion, rather society manages the issue afterward. Customer watch bunches don't have devices set up to forestall extortion. Culprits depend on the oversites of insurance agencies so as to target and misrepresentation insurance agencies. Insurance agencies and the national government should pool assets utilizing a level of benefits to fund a team to arrestively battle misrepresentation. The punishment for extortion ought to be progressively rigid which will make culprits reconsider before figuring an arrangement to submit misrepresentation. The Affordable Health Care Act is the start of numerous projects set up to battle against extortion. Social insurance extortion is a developing issue and ought to be paid attention to additional by residents of the United States. Doctors, medicinal services laborers, and patients are liable for proactively ensuring individual data to forestall wholesale fraud. The instance of Dr. Cabiling couldn't have occured if his clinical personality had not been taken. A closer watch of individual data to forestall wholesale fraud is the starting to forestall human services extortion. The national government ought to have set up the capacity to arraign wrongdoers to the furthest reaches. Brutal discipline may hinder guilty parties from comiting the offense. Moral issues concerning clinical extortion is as basic as comprehending what is correct and what's up. Society should assume liability of their very own data. Wholesale fraud is no mystery, hence society ought to be increasingly proactive. Try not to leave an open entryway for guilty parties to stroll in and take what doesn't have a place them. The laws for wrongdoers ought to be increasingly tough. The present structure of physicans clinical data is too simple to even think about obtaining. The structure of physicains clinical data ought to be in encripted messages making the level of trouble sufficiently high to avert guilty parties. There are a few guilty parties that will persevere relentlessly until they have gotten the data the person in question is wishes to acquire. Stricter standards and rules can avert these guilty parties. Administration over the rules for installment for administrations rendered ought to incorporate the accompanying; varification of physician’s clinical data ensuring the physican knows about the charges being submitted to insurance agencies. The course of events for installments to be discharged to doctors or charging organizations are lenghtened to permit incurance organizations time to examine suspecious claims. The way of life of one trusting that another will make the wisest decision is an occurance requiring change. The way of life can be changed through showing others how its done. Instructing society through open assistance declaration is a beginning. Open help declarations contact a greater number of individuals than messages, paper articles, and phoone calls. A forceful battle to get rid of clinical extortion through indicting data fraud wrongdoers is an extra method to battle clinical misrepresentation. Through open assistance declarations society is educated regarding their duty to secure individual data to forestall wholesale fraud and clinical extortion. Battling identiy robbery and clinical extortion cost not exactly the billions of dollars paid out to wrongdoers. Remind society they the networks where the person in question live in are the one that at last follow through on the cost through higher human services premiums, more significant expenses for medicinal services administrations, and through higher charges. Taking everything into account medicinal services misrepresentation is currently being done through data fraud. Fraud can be combatted through open mindfulness and the open assuming liability to secure their own persoanl data. Dr. Cabiling through no deficiency of his own was a survivor of fraud. Dr. Cabiling didn't realize that his clinical character had been taken until he gotten a call from Medicare. Dr. Cabiling would now be able to contact the diverse insurance agencies to alarm them of the fraudulant exercises concerning his clinical data. The insurance agencies can contact Dr. Cabiling preceding creation installments on calims. The insurance agencies making calls to Dr. Cabiling may take additional time, however will set aside the organizations cash over the long haul. Combatting clinical misrepresentation and wholesale fraud is everyone’s duty. References Cohen, G. (2010, March/April). Clinical the travel industry: The view from ten thousand feet. Hastings Center Report, 40(2), 11. Social insurance change to have sway on morals. (2010, May). Clinical Ethics Advisor, 26(5), 54. K. Potter, 2011. Medicare Fraud Scheme Takes Nearly $2 Million, Pueblo Doctor’s Identity Stolen; http://www. kktv. com/home/features/Medicare_Fraud_Scheme_Steals_Millions_131567818. html

Health and Social Care Essay Example for Free

Wellbeing and Social Care Essay Everybody is naturally introduced to this world by the decision of the guardians, nobody requested it. Thus we as a whole must choose between limited options into which nation we are conceived, who our folks are, what sex we are, and the shade of our skin. Yet, these components consolidated give us our way of life. It makes us what our identity is. As we become more established our folks or friends ingrain us with an allowance of faith based expectations, good and social, and this stays with us up to the age where we can think and act autonomously. At that point we can change these convictions to that of our own. This at that point permits us to have a lot of inclinations for the manner in which we carry on with our life. What occurred in our past we can't change, and it is from our past that gives us our legacy. What our identity is and where we originated from. These convictions, culture and legacy are close to home to us, make us what our identity is, they are a regular significant instrument in the manner we live our lives. Despite the fact that they are not characterized! We can change and we should change in specific situations. Understand more: Explain why it is critical to work in association with othersâ essay One being the working environment. It is of most extreme significance at work that a standard arrangement of rules and convictions are clung to, regardless of what your way of life or legacy. This is to guarantee all individuals are dealt with decently and the standards and convictions are normally similarly for example treating all individuals decently, regard each other and so on. In the work place we have associates and occupants and guests who all merit a similar measure of pride and regard and all reserve the option to continue on ahead without being impacted on their convictions by a solitary other individual. By all adhering to a similar arrangement of gauges and convictions we can guarantee a reasonable help is given to all. Anyway does this imply when we are in the work environment we can overlook our own characters and that of others? No. It implies that we have a typical arrangement of qualities that we will all submit to so as to treat all individuals reasonably. For instance not treating male inhabitants any extraordinary to female occupants, offering them similar chances. Yet, we should likewise see plainly that every individual has their own allowance of faith based expectations, culture and legacy and that we should not separate base on this. What we can do is figure out how to get this. Grasp it and advance it. It is extremely simple to accept that our own specific manner of doing thing is right and anybody diverse isn't right or substandard. This is because of an absence of comprehension of the obscure. At the point when we begin to see increasingly about the obscure it turns into the known as is progressively adequate to us. So by comprehension and regarding the convictions of others we can learn without question. The entire act of getting others and regarding there values isn't just basic to give an equivalent and agreeable work space. It is the key device in advancing prosperity, joy and a feeling of consideration in our inhabitants and staff. On the off chance that we as a whole adhered to our own convictions we would all be distant from everyone else and feel unique in relation to all others. By demonstrating comprehension and regard we can learn and regard one another and make for a more joyful spot to be. Task 303 In my working environment we utilize comprehensive practice in all regions. Instances of this can be asking people what time they might want to be helped to bed and not helping all occupants at a set time. It could be offering the individual a decision of garments to wear and not settling on that decision for them. It could be asking the individual occupants what they might want to eat and giving decision. Not giving all occupants a similar supper. It tends to be as straightforward as chatting with the occupants and not talking over them. Asking them what they need and not asking other staff individuals. It could be helping the occupants get to the nearby library whenever the timing is ideal and not sitting tight for the once week after week trip by transport. These are for the most part instances of how comprehensive practice causes the occupants add to the consideration they get. This is basic in advancing prosperity and increasing expectations of solace and joy. Select practice ought not be acknowledged in the work environment. Instances of this could be having separate parlors and lounge areas for Male and Female occupants. Having just exercises that favor one sexual orientation. for example Weaving, bloom orchestrating and card making. Furthermore, not having an action that would suit a male occupant. It could be just observing Christmas in the Christian schedule and not considering the individuals who are of another confidence and permitting them to praise their own celebration as well. It could be just giving one alternative at dinner times and not considering the individuals who have another taste. It could be awakening all occupants simultaneously so as to get your jobsâ complete and not regarding the individual’s option to pick when they need to wake up. These practices upset the advancement of good consideration and will forestall the individual having a high feeling of prosperity.

10 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics on Cultural Relativism

10 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics on Cultural Relativism Social relativism is a perplexing issue that needs exhaustive preparing. When composing an investigate paper on it you will require a couple of strong realities. It is hence what we’ve arranged the 10 underneath for you. If you don't mind make certain to check them: Social relativity is the possibility that societies are liable for molding seen ideas, convictions, and the worth frameworks of their association. It is likewise accepted that culture is the thing that educates individuals inside a particular gathering and coordinates their conduct. In the fields of phonetics and brain research, the hypothesis of social relativism is the one which has been investigated for monetary, sociological, and political additions. It is trusted by certain specialists that their discoveries can add to better information about societies. Social relativism is investigated normally by ethnographic research, where the researchers are the spectators inside a culture. Immanuel Kant assumed a key job in the establishment of social relativism, whose thoughts were tested by Johannes Gottfried Herder. Herder assisted with rousing better research beside unadulterated explanation, explicitly as it identified with ethnology and topography. It is here that it was contended that people will depend upon signs so as to pick up appreciation and decide, signs which are not really from a divine being or heavenly position however are passed on inside their locale. Human people group have their own comprehension, their own insight, their own significance, and every individual inside that network increases explicit social illumination. One region frequently went down among societies is the possibility of sexual orientation jobs and what establishes a soul changing experience. The Catholic confidence thwarts a sexual transitional experience by managing sexuality and connecting any sexual demonstration outside of a submitted union with wrongdoing. The Catholic Church altogether meddles with the sexual soul changing experience related with the sociocultural passing periods of sexuality. Regardless of whether a way of life of complete commitment or a way of life of complete sin, both are unsafe to the advancement of an individual and opposing to the sexual improvement of individual awareness. The soul changing experience is implied as a sociocultural thought, arranged as the liminal period. It is a between auxiliary circumstance which is experienced as the individual however affected by the way of life or society. The effective soul changing experience envelops the full progress starting with one state then onto the next. In this occurrence, â€Å"state’ identifies with a fixed or if nothing else stable condition, which can incorporate things, for example, social constancies like a calling or a calling, or can incorporate the physical, mental, and enthusiastic conditions in which an individual may be at a one of a kind second in time. State is socially perceived as the two parts of the bargains of turning out to be, or a change. Clashes among new and old countries are frequently established in an absence of social relativism, or one wherein the two societies won't be obliging or tolerating of the other. No place is this more pervasive than in the Middle East. The contention in the Middle East, among Israelis and Palestinians, can be said to have establishes in a few of these regular issues. For a certain something, the contention itself will in general be seen as a strict one. This is on the grounds that the Israeli state was made as a shelter for the staying Jewish populace toward the finish of World War II. It is evaluated that the Holocaust disposed of 1/3 of every Jewish individual on the planet, and the recently established United Nations alongside numerous supporters assisted with setting up Israel. This implies it is a Jewish state in the core of the Arab world. The Arab world is prevalently Muslim, and this is the place most of the strict clash can be distinguished. Because one country is Jewish and other is Muslim, isn't the sole explanation of the contention. Political and monetary causes are likewise present. In their race to build up a sensible and legitimate spot for Jewish foreigners to settle, pioneers in Europe and the United States have neglected to address the disappointment of the current populace in what had been Palestine, and which was split to make Israel. Dark Liberation Theology is a religious framework established by Reverend James Cone. Its roots start in 1966 with the National Committee of Negro Churchman. Throughout the decades, this philosophical conviction framework has indicated that God is dark and that His Word is centered around aiding the abused and the discouraged. Inside American Christianity the thoughts of subjugation and race were purportedly bolstered by the Bible. Southern Baptists upheld bondage with the Bible and not until 1995 was a conventional Declaration of Repentance embraced which pronounced all types of bigotry as despicable and mourned, with every recorded bind to prejudice a shrewd piece of history. It was the Southern Baptist Committee who gave a proper conciliatory sentiment for having propagated bigotry. And keeping in mind that all parts of Christianity had their supremacist past ties, Black Liberation philosophy authenticates that Christ is the precursor for seeking after individual asylum and restricting bigotry. Subsequently, exchange must be had with respect to the suggestions that chronicled bigotry had on the dark network. Dark freedom philosophy basically concentrates today on the best way to make Christianity genuine for the African American people group. It clarifies that Christianity centers around freedom in the here and the now, not simply in existence in the wake of death. The objective of this philosophy isn't to require uncommon treatment, yet to require opportunity and equity. Dark scholars use sacred text as the assent for these requests. These should make your article composing firm and significantly improve your story. For extra data you may check our 20 subjects and 1 example exposition on social relativism alongside our guide on a look into paper on this theme. References: Berry, Jack W. Radical Cultural Relativism and the Concept of Intelligence. Culture and Cognition: Readings in Cross-Cultural Psychologyâ (1974): 225-229. Unsure: The Liminal Period. Rites De Passage. Procedures of the American Ethnological Society, 1965. 93-111. Print. Brems, Eva. Adversaries or partners? Women's liberation and social relativism as dissenter voices in Human Rights Discourse. Human Rights Quarterlyâ 19.1 (1997): 136-164. Christensen, Harold T. Social relativism and pre-marriage sex norms.American Sociological Review (1960): 31-39. Cook, John W. Profound quality and Cultural Differences. (1999). Donnelly, Jack. Social Relativism and Universal Human Rights. Human Rights Quarterly 6.4 (1984): 400-419. Gell, Alfred. The Anthropology of Time: Cultural Constructions of Temporal Maps and Images. (1992). Herskovits, Melville J. Social Relativism; Perspectives in Cultural Pluralism. (1972). Joyce, James. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. New York: Viking, 1964. Print.

The Life Of Charles Dickens Essays (1113 words) - Charles Dickens

The Life of Charles Dickens Presentation This report will discuss the life of a well known creator, Charles Dickens. It will enlighten you concerning his initial, center, furthermore, later long periods of his life. It will likewise discuss one of his extraordinary works of writing. All in all, this report will show an examination of his work to his life. EARLY LIFE Charles Dickens was conceived at Landport, in Portsea, on February 7, 1812. His dad was a representative in the Navy Pay-Office, and was briefly on the job in the area at the point when Charles was conceived. His name was John Dickens. He spent time in jail for obligations. Yet, in any event, when he was free he came up short on target to help his family. At that point, when Charles was two they moved to London. 1 Not long before he began to wander, he ventured into the glare of footlights. He never ventured out of it until he kicked the bucket. He was a decent man, as men go in the dazing universe of our own, bold, straightforward, gracious, and fair. Dickens was constantly excessively bad tempered in light of the fact that he was a little excessively glad. Like the over-fashioned youngster in the public arena, he was marvelously friendly, and in but in some cases contentious. In all the reasonable relations of his life he was what the youngster is at a gathering, truly charmed, brilliant, warm and glad, and in some odd way in a general sense tragic and hazardously near tears. 2 At 12 years old Charles worked in a London processing plant sticking marks on jugs of shoe clean. He held the activity just for a barely any months, however the hopelessness of the experience stay with him for his entire life. 3 Dickens went to class now and again until he was 15, and afterward left for good. He delighted in perusing and was particularly attached to experience stories, fantasies, and books. He was affected by such before English scholars as William Shakespeare, Tobias Smollet, and Henry Fielding. In any case, a large portion of the information he later utilized as a creator originated from his condition around him. 4 Center LIFE Dickens turned into a news essayist and journalist in the late 1820's. He spent significant time in covering banters in Parliament, and furthermore composed component articles. His work as a journalist honed his normally sharp ear for discussion and made a difference build up his expertise in depicting his characters speach everything being equal. It additionally expanded his capacity to watch and to compose quickly and unmistakably. Dickens' first book, Sketches by Boz (1836) comprised of articles he composed for the Monthly Magazine and the London Evening Chronicles.5 On April 2, 1836 he wedded Catherine Hogarth. This was simply a couple of days before the anoucement that on the 31st he would have his first work imprinted in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. What's more, this was the start of his vocation. 6 At that point, at 24, Dickens got renowned and was so until he passed on. He won his first scholarly distinction with The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. Distributed in month to month parts in 1836 and 1837 the book depicts the entertaining experience and misfortunes of the English Countryside. After a moderate start, The Pickwick Papers as the book was generally called increased a ubiquity only sometimes coordinated in the historical backdrop of writing. 7 At that point in 1837, Catherine's sister Mary, kicked the bucket. As a result of her passing Dickens' endured a great deal of distress. This drove a few researchers to accept that Dickens adored Mary more than Catherine. Catherine was a decent lady yet she needed insight. Dickens and Catherine had 10 kids. At that point later in 1858, the couple seperated. 8 LATER LIFE His later years was essentially comprising of two primary augmentations to his past activites. The primary was a progression of open readings and talks which he started giving it methodicallly. Also, second, he was a progressive editorial manager. Dickens had been numerous things throughout his life; he was a journalist , an entertainer, a magician, a writer, a instructor, and a supervisor and he appreciated those things. 9 Dickens had a striking mental and physical vitality. He recorded all his activites in a great many letter, a large number of which made great readings. He spent a lot of his later an existence with swarmed social companions from expressions and writing. He additionally went to the auditorium as regularly as possible,

Effective Teaching and Learning - Free Essay Example

Effective teaching and learning Our school promoted these features of good teaching; †¢High expectations and clear objective Conveyed to pupils in simple language: what I am looking for is pupils who can†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ †¢Structured lessons, often with an engaging starter, with new skills and ideas introduced in well-planned stages, and always with a summary at the end; †¢Challenging and engaging tasks to interest all pupils, coupled with appropriate interventions by teachers, including: 1. Practical work to develop the teaching skills of ICT capability; 2. Oral work to develop pupils knowledge and understanding; 3. Activities to plan, evaluate or document work; 4. problems to encourage pupils to think for themselves, including opportunities to carry out extended ICT development work ; 5. Research into the uses of ICT inside and outside school, so that pupils learn hoe practical applications of ICT are changing society and the economy; †¢Manageable differentiation based on work common to all pupils in the class, with targeted support to help those with less experience or ability, and real challenge for the more able; †¢Interactive teaching of whole classes, small groups and individuals, using a combination of exposition, demonstration, modeling, instruction and dialogue; †¢Effective questioning giving pupils time to think, air views and hear other views, with an expectation that they explain and justify decision and reasoning; †¢Time for pupils to reflect on their learning and progresses and to evaluate their own and other pupils work. The strategy also promotes pupils learning through helping them to: †¢Learn independently; †¢Integrate new learning with prior learning; †¢Solve problems on their own and in groups; †¢Reflect on t heir success and failures, and accept that learning can involve uncertainty and difficulties that can be overcome through perseverance.

Julius Caesar Research Paper Help - Buy Papers in Writing Centre -

Julius Caesar Research Paper Help, Buy Papers on Julius Caesar Julius Caesar Research Paper Help, Buy Papers on Julius Caesar Caesar research paper is a must when you take up literature in college. Getting under the skin of famous literary characters helps to understand their motives and such an essay helps to do just that. This term paper builds a sense of empathy with his character and promotes a critical appreciation of the man and his deeds. Also Chicago style research paper is the more popular format for this writing. Caesar essay assists in analyzing Caesar’s personality throughout the novel or drama. This essay paper also helps you sharpen your skills in writing. Often certain parts of a novel are overlooked by the reader and writing the essays will get you acclimatized with hitherto overlooked aspects of his life. Julius Caesar Research Papers for Sale In this type of a research paper, for instance, you could explore the basis of the deep friendship between Brutus and Caesar, and why the eventual back-stabbing (we suspect this is where the term originated!) felt so dastardly. But a Caesar essay must go beyond the obvious and delve deep into the psyche of a great statesman. For this, you must give your essay topics the right focus. Make sure your paper covers the emotional aspect of the character as well as his political acumen. You have to make sure that whatever statements you make in your research papers, they are backed by appropriate facts. This will persuade your teacher that you have first comprehended the text and then undertaken the task of composing your Caesar essay. But writing this type of research paper may be difficult for those who dislike analysis. How then does a student get good grades for the paper? Simple. You can take the help of experts who can turn your thoughts on the subject into a well written classic essay; what’s more, you can get your research paper outsourced online. Getting professional writers to do your essay is alright if the ideas are all yours. A seasoned professional writer will be able to take the bare bones of your idea and reconstruct a research paper in your style so that the character of Julius Caesar is brought to life and your essay reveals a real understanding of its shades and complexities. Caesar research paper is often used by professors to sift the better students from the average Joes. So, if you want to be up there receiving plum essay assignments and grades, get your essay right – bone up on research or hand it over to experts who can help you.

The River Between By Ngugi Wa Thiong - 1549 Words

In the novel The River Between, Ngugi wa Thiong’o expresses a strong moderate nationalist sentiment displayed in various ways. The subject of this novel, is a meaningful portrayal of how the theme of colonization is at the heart of most African literature written in English. The River Between was Ngugi’s first work to be published in his own language, Gikuyu and then translated into English. His radical shift from the use of the European languages to the use of an indigenous African language, Gikuyu, was a way of fighting imperialism: â€Å"I believe that my writing in Gikuyu language, a Kenyan language, an African language, is part and parcel of the anti-imperialist struggles of Kenyan and African peoples† . The novel addresses the early days of colonial intervention and richly illustrates the interference of the pre-colonial tranquil tribal life style at the hand European missionaries and colonizers . Apart from the novel’s primary language of pu blication we see Ngugi’s nationalist mindset through the Kikuyu people and their actions throughout the historical fiction. The issues of cultural and national identity are made obvious which tie into Ngugi’s perspective towards the Europeans. Furthermore, through the protagonist Waiyaki, we are further able to envision the aspiration to overcome colonialism through his very own desire to unite the two feuding ridges at the time, Mukuyu and Kameno. Most of African literature in the colonial and postcolonial Africa has beenShow MoreRelatedA River Between By Ngugi Wa Thiong891 Words   |  4 Pages The novel A River Between was written by Ngugi wa Thiong o. It is a fictional story about the Kikuyu tribe in Kenya during the 1920 s. During this time in Africa and in the recent past colonial powers had secured a presence in a lot of Afican countries. These powers over time had drove a wedge between African tribes for various reasons. In the novel the Kikuyu are dealing w ith this divison among its people. They are split between two groups tribal tradtionalist the Kameno and the recently convertedRead MoreSoyinka s Ngugi Wa Thiong O : An Anthology Of Recent Criticism1752 Words   |  8 Pages Mala Pandurang’s Ngugi Wa Thiong o: An Anthology of Recent Criticism (2008) is a brilliant specimen of archival research on Ngugi criticism. She wrote another important book on the postcolonial African fiction, entitled Post-colonial African Fiction: The Crisis of Consciousness (1997). Oliver Lovesey in The Postcolonial Intellectual: Ngugi wa Thiong’o in Context (2016) has pointed out the multifarious cultural identities of Ngugi. The biographical reading of Ngugi’s life from a Marxist vantageRead More The Women of Umuofia in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay1999 Words   |  8 Pageswill confirm a diachronic development. In No Longer at Ease (1963), there is a discernible change in the style of Achebes female portraiture. At the end of the novel, Obi Okonkwo yields to the implacable force of traditional ethos when choosing between his mother (representing traditionalism), who threatens to kill herself if he marries an outcast or osu, and the outcast prota gonist Clara (representing the modern female). The pregnant Clara gets an abortion and fades out of the story. But at leastRead More The Role of Women in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay3614 Words   |  15 PagesGhana was known to have some matrilineal societies, such as the Akans; but Nigerias traditional culture, Muslim as well as non-Muslim, had been masculine-based even before the advent of the white man. The source, nature, and extent of female subordination and oppression have constituted a vexed problem in African literary debates. Writers such as Ama Ata Aidoo of Ghana and the late Flora Nwapa of Nigeria have insisted that the image of the helpless, dependent, unproductive African woman was one usheredRead MoreA Passage Of India And The Relations Of Power10531 Words   |  43 Pagesdomination on the subaltern Other? 4) Does the colonial mechanism achieve its aims or does it unveils the fractures within the polarisation of the British Empire? 5) Does the issue of the mysterious psychosexual assault conceals a more serious problem between the |British and the Indians? 6) What is the reaction of the subjugated and the excluded Indians towards the British colonial system and its using of excessive power that shows the difficulty of the passage to India? 7) Finally, Do power and violence

What Is the Difference Between Venomous and Poisonous

The terms venomous and poisonous are often used interchangeably to refer to toxic substances produced by animals and their dangers to humans and other creatures, but they have different meanings in biology. Basically, venoms are delivered actively while poisons are delivered passively. Venomous Organisms A venom is a secretion that an animal produces in a gland for the purpose of injecting it into another animal. It is actively introduced into a victim by means of a specialized apparatus. Venomous organisms use a wide variety of tools to inject venom: barbs, beaks, fangs or modified teeth, harpoons, nematocysts (found in jellyfish tentacles), pincers, proboscises, spines, sprays, spurs, and stingers. Animal venoms are generally a mix of proteins and peptides, and their precise chemical makeup to a large extent depends on the purpose of the venom. Venoms are used for defense against other creatures or for hunting prey. Those used for defense are designed to create immediate, localized pain to make another animal go away. The chemistry of venoms designed for hunting prey, on the other hand, is highly variable, since these venoms are made specifically to kill, incapacitate, or break down the victims chemistry to make it easily edible. If cornered, many hunters will use their venom for defense. Glands and Hypodermic Needles The glands where venoms are stored have a ready supply of venom and a muscular arrangement to eject the toxic substance, which can affect the rapidity and degree of envenomation. The reaction in the victim is principally determined by the chemistry, potency, and volume of the venom. Most animal venoms are ineffectual if the venom is merely placed on the skin or even ingested. Venom requires a wound to deliver its molecules to its victims. One sophisticated apparatus for creating such a wound is the hypodermic syringe-style mechanism of ants, bees, and wasps: In fact, inventor Alexander Wood is said to have modeled his syringe on bee sting mechanisms. Venomous Arthropods Venomous insects can be divided into three groups: true bugs (order Hemiptera), butterflies and moths (order Lepidoptera), and ants, bees, and wasps (order Hymenoptera). Heres how the venom is delivered: Black widow spiders bite to inject digestive enzymes that liquefy their prey.Brown recluse spiders have short fangs that inject a cytotoxic (cell-killing) venom into their prey.Honey bees use a modified ovipositor (egg-layer) as defensive equipment.Bumblebees sting defensively.Hornets, yellow jackets, and paper wasps are defensive stingers.Velvet ants use a modified ovipositor defensively.Fire ants sting defensively. Poisonous Organisms Poisonous organisms dont deliver their toxins directly; rather, the toxins are induced passively. A poisonous organisms entire body, or large parts of it, might contain the poisonous substance, and the poison is often created by the animals specialized diet. Unlike venoms, poisons are contact toxins, which are harmful when eaten or touched. Humans and other creatures can suffer when they come in direct contact with or inhale airborne material from urticating (stinging nettle-like) hairs, wing scales, molted animal parts, feces, silk, and other secretions. Poisonous secretions are almost always defensive in nature. Those that arent defensive are simple allergens  that have nothing to do with defense. A creature can come in contact with these secretions even after a poisonous organism is dead. The defensive contact chemicals produced by poisonous insects can cause severe local pain, local swelling, swelling of the lymph nodes, headache, shock-like symptoms, and convulsions, as well as dermatitis, rashes, and upper respiratory tract complications. Poisonous Arthropods Poisonous insects include members of quite a few groups: butterflies and moths (order Lepidoptera), true bugs (order Hemiptera), beetles (order Coleoptera), grasshoppers (order Orthoptera), and others. Stinging caterpillars use barbed spines or hairs as defensive mechanisms, while blister beetles produce a caustic chemical when they are threatened. Heres how some insects produce their poison: Monarch butterflies develop a defensive flavor by eating milkweeds, and birds that eat them eat only one.Heliconius butterflies have similar defensive poisons in their systems.Cinnabar moths feed on poisonous ragworts and inherit the poison.Lygaeid bugs feed on milkweed and oleander. Which Is More Dangerous? Venomous black widow spider bites, snake bites, and jellyfish stings certainly sound more dangerous than contact poisons, but in terms of worldwide exposure, the more dangerous of the two is undoubtedly animal poison, since it doesnt require animals to take an active role in the toxin delivery system. Sources Beard, Raimon L. Insect Toxins and Venoms. Annual Review of Entomology. Casewell, Nicholas R., et al. Complex Cocktails: The Evolutionary Novelty of Venoms. Trends in Ecology Evolution.Fry, Bryan G., et al. The Toxicogenomic Multiverse: Convergent Recruitment of Proteins Into Animal Venoms. Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics.Harris, J B., and A Goonetilleke. Animal Poisons and the Nervous System: What the Neurologist Needs to Know. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery Psychiatry.Kellaway, C H. Animal Poisons. Annual Review of Biochemistry.Wirtz, R.A. Allergic and Toxic Reactions to Non-Stinging Arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology.

Report On The Distribution Of Values - 2903 Words

ASSIGNMENT # 5 AMAN VIJ ADEENA MIRZA AMIT KUMAR TRIPATHY SECTION A Questions 1. (a) Explore the data. Report on the distribution of values in the attributes and how they individually relate to the outcome of interest (dependent variable). All the attributes are combination of categorical and numeric values and cover varied ranges. Each attribute was studied along with analyzing histograms, scatterplots and log-scaled graphs. The findings are listed below with the graphs of each attribute distribution in Section B. (i) Borrower’s age (Bo_Age): Borrower’s age shows an overall right skewed distribution with a maximum at 36. The distribution for only defaulters shows a†¦show more content†¦(vi) Borrower’s total monthly debt expense (Tot_mthly_debt_exp): Total monthly debt expense of borrower’s has a range from 0 to 17225 with an average of about 1745. The distribution of the total data as well as the defaulters is suggestively right skewed with most of the defaulters belonging to the class of borrower’s below 5500. (vii) Borrower’s total monthly income (Tot_mthly_incm): Borrower’s monthly income has a distribution similar to the monthly debt expense distribution and has a range from 500 to 65000 with an average of 5025. The graph also shows that most of the defaulters are from the low-income group with there being no defaulters with a monthly income of 15000 or higher. (viii) Appraised value of home at origination (orig_apprd_val_amt): Appraised value of homes also has a right skewed distribution with fewer records of houses with high appraised value and even fewer defaulters in that region. No defaulter was recorded for a house with an appraised value greater than 400,000. 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Climate Change and Poverty - 1734 Words

Climate Change and Poverty Over the past few decades, a major concern is the threat climate change possess for today’s economy. Millions of people are affected each and every day by climate change but this is just the beginning of the worst. One thing that seems to go unharmed by climate change is social status; how long will money last as a barrier to the effects of Mother Nature? How does poverty increase the risks associated the devastating powers of climate change? When speaking in terms of poverty many different categories arise. Poverty in America is different than poverty in Asia or Africa. Every country has faced poverty. It is inevitable; some countries however, face a disproportionately high percentage of poverty.†¦show more content†¦India has the highest amount of people living and suffering with AIDS; climate change affects the research and possible solutions of fighting off AIDS and other diseases. 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Foundations of Information Systems †Free Samples for Students

Question: Explain on Foundations of Information Systems? Answer: Introduction Unites States Pharma Corp. is a pharmaceutical company that designs, manufactures and researches pharmaceutical products and the company has its headquarters in New Jersey, United States. The company has its sites in every part of the globe and is a developed firm in the market. In order to enhance the communication and research work that is carried out in the organization, it has been recommended that a corporate knowledge environment portal shall be developed and implemented in order to provide the enhanced abilities to the employees that are associated with the company. Researchers along with medical staff members will be primarily making use of the portal. Design Specifications Internal Systems and Databases The corporate knowledge web portal that will be designed for Unites States Pharma Corp. will have a number of internal system components such as the dashboard that will be designed for the portal along with the functional aspects for communication and research facilities. There will also be a component installed as a tele-conferencing medium to allow the researchers to carry out audio and video teleconferencing with the fellow researchers and guides. The database that has been recommended for the portal is MySQL database as it will allow the information associated with the portal to be stored and managed efficiently and access to the database will also be required to be provided (Seethamraju, 2012). External Systems There are a number of external systems and sites that are available and have been created that comprise of research articles, research papers and journals. Link and access to these external sites will be required to be incorporated on the portal such that the research work that is carried out is executed in a better manner. Communication and Collaboration Facilities Pharmaceutical research is a critical process as the outcomes that are obtained after the research process are sensitive and have a direct impact on human and animal life. It is therefore required that the corporate knowledge web portal that is being developed for the organization has the facilities to share files and messages with the others in the business and fellow research scholars as well. There shall also be communication systems in the form of tele-conferencing mediums and instant messengers incorporated in the portal. Search Tools There will be a lot of information that will be available within United States Pharma Corp. that the researchers may search and seek for their research work. Also, there is a lot of information that is externally level on the pharmaceutical subjects that may aid in the research process. In order to reach to the specific research works, search tools shall be incorporated to search for the information on Intranet and Internet as a whole. News Applications Pharmaceutical companies and industries are being improved with a new work of research and development with each passing day. It is necessary to maintain pace with the latest news and information in the business and therefore analysis and information collection tool in the form of a news application shall be included in the portal that shall gather the latest information from the industry and show the same to the user. Forums and Journals There is a lot of work being done at a global scale in the pharmaceutical industry. The users of the web portal shall be provided with a link and access to the popular forums and organizations to collect and gather meaningful information for their research work. Role of Business Intelligence Business Intelligence is commonly referred as BI and it is an umbrella that comprises of many tools and technologies for better processing and handling of information associated with a particular organization. In case of United States Pharma Corp. there will be a lot of information that will be associated which will be required to be analyzed, stored, processed and handled intelligently. The web portal that will be set up for the organization shall therefore include and apply the following BI techniques to provide better information handling and management. Data Mining Data mining is a technology that comes under BI and it includes analysis along with classification of information as per the classes and categories. In this case, the information around the research topic will be analyzed and studies from several angles and viewpoints which will provide the users with the ability to reveal specific patterns on the pharmaceutical research. The information that will be analyzed will include the information collected from several sources (Nicta, 2015). Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) It is required to perform strategic monitoring on the information that is collected for the research work so that the appropriate aggregates of the data are collected. The same will be performed on the portal by OLAP technique (Olap, 2016). Real time BI There are occurrences wherein it will become essential for the user to obtain the latest news and the real-time information from the industry. Real-time BI will be a technique that will be included in the portal to provide the users to have this capability. Data Warehousing There is a lot of inter-related information and components that are present in the work of research from the research work that has already been done along with the ongoing processes. Data warehousing is a process that will allow the researchers and medical staff members to sift through the information sets for understanding the inter-relationship present. The research data that will be available will allow the development of the research work being done (Villanovauniversity, 2016) Data Analytics There will many of the data and information sets that will be associated in the research work and there will only be a few that will be of actual need. Also, it will be necessary to have a technique through which the specific areas and patterns are highlighted. It will be done with the aid of data analytics tools that will be used and implemented on the portal (Searchdatamanagement, 2016). Data Sources This will be one of the most important BI techniques that will be used and incorporated on the web portal of United States Pharma Corp. The data sources that will be used for the research work will be collated to highlight the ones that are actually applicable. Strengthening of Stakeholder Relationships There will be a number of stakeholders that will be involved with United States Pharma Corp. in terms of business owners, partners, medical staff members, research scholars, guides, end users, staff members and many more. Every stakeholder will have his or her own set of needs and requirements from the organization and would want to earn the maximum benefits from the organization it is engaged with. With the development of the corporate knowledge web portal, the research and developmental work that is being carried out at the organization will see some of the marked improvements. There will be streamlining of all the processes that will be achieved along with the obtaining of better results. It will also make sure that the organization delivers better services to its customers as the latest research results will be available. All of these reasons and features will enable the stakeholders to benefit from the organization and the inter-relationship between the stakeholder and the organization along with the stakeholders themselves will also see improvements as a result. System Acquisition Methods There are several custom and off-the shelf methods that are available and may be used for the development of the corporate knowledge web portal for the organization. Some of these methods have been described below with their advantages and disadvantages and the recommended method has also been included at the end. Package Purchasing There are several packages that are available in the market that come with a readymade template along with the functional and non-functional aspects that may be required by the portal. These packages may be used by the organization to include and implement the desired web portal in its architecture. Since the package is readymade there will be a very little time that will be involved in acquiring it. However, it may not be in complete accordance with the desired aspects and time and cost may be spent in these areas. Outsourcing Outsourcing is another method that may be used for acquiring the desired results in the organization. The development of the corporate knowledge web portal cannot be carried out internally in the organization as there is lack of environment and skills in the organization in this area. Outsourcing will include contacting a third party which will be accomplishing the design, development and deployment activities related with the portal. There will however be a lot of time that will be required to be given in order to complete the process through this method. There will be lesser support and maintenance activities associated in this case. Custom Developed Software Another method that may be used by United State Pharma Corp. for the development and implementation of corporate knowledge web portal will be the use of custom developed software. The software will be developed according to the needs and specifications of the organization and there will also be specific attention paid to the required integration and compatibility areas. These packages will score high in terms of the cost but will have the adequate features and functionalities implemented in them. Recommended Method The method that has been recommended for acquiring and developing the corporate knowledge web portal is the outsourcing method. It is because of the reason that it will fulfill the requirements of the portal and will also provide the maintenance and support services after the delivery is made. Maintenance and support cannot be carried out by the staff members of the organization itself as their nature of work and domain is completely different. Also, it will be apt in terms of the budget and schedule constraints and the end product that will be delivered will be as per the requirements of the organization. Risk Management Disaster Recovery Risk Assessment and Identification There may be several risks that may be possible to the information that is present in the portal and these risks have been listed below Attacks on Information Confidentiality Breaching of information The corporate knowledge web portal that will be designed for United States Pharma Corp. will include a number of internal and external systems along with the database. The users will access these systems on the internal and external networks which will have multiple access points. These access points along with the transition of information may be used for breaching the same (Wood, 2016). Unauthorized Tracking The information related with the research work along with the communication activities that will be carried out may be tracked through the network by the attacker and hackers. Data Mining Attacks There are many BI techniques that will be incorporated in the portal such as OLAP, data analytics, data warehousing, data mining etc. These techniques may be used to introduce attacks that are associated with them that may impact information confidentiality (Amato, 2016). Malware Attacks Malware is defined as a code or a program that is defined as a specific purpose of devastation to the system that it will be installed in. There are several types of malware that are present such as viruses, ransomware, spyware, Trojan horses, logic bombs etc. These malware may be launched on the portal through any of the entry points which may bring down the information privacy and confidentiality. Attacks on Information Integrity Message Alteration The researchers and medical staff members will make use of the knowledge portal to enhance and strengthen their research work. There will be a lot of information that will be needed for the purpose and this information will not remain stagnant as it will be necessary to discuss the details and share the information with many entities. The information will therefore be in transit and there will be many messages that will be shared on a constant basis. These messages may be captured, analyzed and transformed by the malicious entities that will have an effect on the integrity of the same (Microsoft, 2016). Media Alteration The researchers and medical staff members will make use of the knowledge portal to enhance and strengthen their research work. There will be a lot of information that will be needed for the purpose and this information will not remain stagnant as it will be necessary to discuss the details and share the information with many entities. The information will therefore be in transit and there will be many media contents that will be shared on a constant basis. These contents may be captured, analyzed and transformed by the malicious entities that will have an effect on the integrity of the same (Aws, 2016). Attacks on Information Availability Flooding Attacks Researchers and medical staff members would want the system that is the web portal to be available and accessible at all times. However, the availability will be impacted by numerous types of denial attacks that will be given shape by introducing a garbage research data and traffic on the portal. Server Impersonating There will be a collaboration of multiple internal and external servers on the portal which may be used as an attack agent by impersonating the same (Mahmoud, 2015). QoS Abuse QoS is an acronym that stands for Quality of Service and there may be attacks that may be executed on the system quality so that the availability is directly affected (Panetta, 2016). Countermeasures and Risk Response Strategies Disaster recovery measures and plan shall be installed and introduced so that in case of a risk or an attack, the information is stored and safeguarded. There shall be backups that shall be automatically scheduled and conducted so that there is no loss of the information in case of an attack. United State Pharma Corp. along with the part that is outsourced for the development of the web portal will be required to make sure that the portal has in-built anti-denial and other anti-malware systems installed. Authentication and access control on all the components of the portal shall be upgraded and transformed to two-fold authentication and multi-step access checks (Lu, 2014). Most of the risks and attacks that have been highlighted get executed through the network. It is therefore required to upgrade the network security by making use of the tools and measures such as network audits, network log maintenance, network monitoring etc. (Jing, 2014) The research information along with the information associated with the users shall be encrypted on the portal and during its transition as well so that the attackers cannot misuse the same. It will be essential to enhance the administrative control by carrying out more number of reviews and security inspections on the portal. There shall also be use of the intrusion detection packages so that any such activity is detected on time and reported to the relevant people. Attackers make use of the vulnerabilities and loopholes that are present in the specific software versions. These versions shall be regularly upgraded to avoid such attacks. The portal shall also have the features of One Time Passwords and Single Sign On installed in them (Bhabad, 2016). Conclusion United States Pharma Corp. is an organization that is looking forward to enhance its communication and research system by developing and implementing the corporate knowledge web portal in its architecture. The database that has been recommended for the portal is MySQL database as it will allow the information associated with the portal to be stored and managed efficiently and access to the database will also be required to be provided. There shall also be communication systems in the form of tele-conferencing mediums and instant messengers incorporated in the portal. Business Intelligence is commonly referred as BI and it is an umbrella that comprises of many tools and technologies for better processing and handling of information associated with a particular organization. In case of United States Pharma Corp. there will be a lot of information that will be associated which will be required to be analyzed, stored, processed and handled intelligently. It is required to perform strateg ic monitoring on the information that is collected for the research work so that the appropriate aggregates of the data are collected. The same will be performed on the portal by OLAP technique. There will many of the data and information sets that will be associated in the research work and there will only be a few that will be of actual need. Also, it will be necessary to have a technique through which the specific areas and patterns are highlighted. It will be done with the aid of data analytics tools that will be used and implemented on the portal. With the development of the corporate knowledge web portal, the research and developmental work that is being carried out at the organization will see some of the marked improvements. There will be streamlining of all the processes that will be achieved along with the obtaining of better results. It will also make sure that the organization delivers better services to its customers as the latest research results will be available. The method that has been recommended for acquiring and developing the corporate knowledge web portal is the outsourcing method. It is because of the reason that it will fulfill the requirements of the portal and will also provide the maintenance and support services after the delivery is made. There are various risks that are associated with the company in terms of the security risks which will be required to be managed through a dedicated risk management system along with the disaster recovery mechanism. References Amato, N. (2016). 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Available at: https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/top-10-security-predictions-2016/ [Accessed 19 May 2017]. Searchdatamanagement. (2016). What is data analytics (DA)? - Definition from WhatIs.com. [online] Available at: https://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/definition/data-analytics [Accessed 19 May 2017]. Seethamraju, R. (2012). Business process management: a missing link in business education. Business Process Management Journal, 18(3), pp.532-547. Villanovauniversity. (2016). Business Intelligence (BI) Overview of Major Components. [online] Available at: https://www.villanovau.com/resources/bi/overview-of-business-intelligence-bi-components/#.VzordTB97IU [Accessed 19 May 2017]. Wood, P. (2016). Social hacking: The easy way to breach network security. [online] ComputerWeekly. Available at: https://www.computerweekly.com/tip/Social-hacking-The-easy-way-to-breach-network-security [Accessed 19 May 2017]. Foundations of Information Systems – Free Samples for Students Question: Discuss About the Foundations of Information Systems? Answer: Introduction In this era, though access to the information is painless but approaching the right information in shortest possible time is a real challenge. In a pharmaceutical company, below are the points that cover the entire process of a drug manufacturing, Finding the problem/ disease. Detecting the cause. Figuring out the solution. Testing the drug Approval of the drug. Selling the drug in different countries. According to a study, roughly 8-15 years are required to figure out and test the drug and make this available in the market after approval from several drug approving authorities. To make this process less time taking, effective, efficient and productive, now a days, companies have started seeking help from the technology in the form of enterprise web portals that gather the entire enterprise on one platform. These portals not only help researchers to find out the problem and test the solution but also facilitate to share their research with others and get the timely and productive feedback. As United States Pharma Corp has widely worldwide spread network, the portal will help researchers and scientists in getting up to date with each others research, the worth of their research, seeking relevant data and knowing the market worth of their products. The corporate knowledge web portal designed for United States Pharma Corp is based on the vendor supported off-the-shelf product. The str ucture of portal is a well designed for inner and outer communications like Food and Drug administration (FDA), International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations (IFPMA) and Worlds Health Organization (WHO) etc. Moreover, the portal is designed keeping in view all the risk factors, security breaches, role based access and disaster recovery etc. Selection of the Right Portal Initially, in the world of computing, the required information systems were built as a single solution for a particular problem. However, now the inter-link of different systems has been realized and it has become apparent that these systems also have some common characteristics in terms of providing solution. The below picture shows the types of the information systems. Fig1. (is-types-five-level-pyramid-model, 2013)Shows the types of information system in four layers As the above image shows, four different types of information systems exist. For a pharmaceutical company, a system should include management information system, intelligent decision support system and executive Information system. Other than this, the portal should include communication facility between different team members working in different countries so, that the researchers will be able to share their work and get feedback. Above that, the system should also allow external sources like FDA and WHO etc. to view the research and provide their timely feedback. While designing the portal, below points were kept in mind, Evaluated the business requirements, goals, products and existing infrastructure while deciding the portal framework strategies. 2.Planned for the ultimate portal framework rather than the immediate. Like, rather than deciding a solution for a particular problem, administrative and departmental both solutions have been considered to be implemented. 3.In order to avoid systems that are firmly tied to specific applications or information sources, a vendor supported off-the-shelf product has been preferred over custom portal development. Kept in view the overall structure and the world wide spread of the company. Evaluated the clients and related companies or food authorities to provide ease in contact. Figured out the availability of the right data in order to help scientists in research. Structure of the Enterprise Portal Framework: The designed enterprise portal contains database for keeping research data, external sources, communication facility, internet tools, daily research data and connections with pharmaceutical forums. Each part of the system is described in detail below. According to (Collins, 2003), an organizations infrastructure is composed of several layers that collaborate for providing a comprehensive solution in the form of an enterprise knowledge portal. Its architecture layers include internet, firewall or demilitarized zone (DMZ), intranet, application services, portal services and backend systems like databases. The author also says that, the portal server includes below services, Security Services, for providing the authentication service. The Rules Server, for managing the content information and workflow from backend systems to the desktop. The Portal Component Server, for providing the collection of objects for connectivity and application services. The Personalization Server, helps in providing users the role based access to the system. Database: While designing any portal, the selection of the database has always remained the critical part. From the variety of databases available in the market, one need to give a serious thought on the pros and cons of the databases and must make comparison with the business requirements. As per the requirements of a pharmaceutical company, a large database is needed to be maintained in order to keep the research data, daily research patterns, popular searches, testing, approval and selling records. The database structure of the company will not be very complicated comparatively so the choice of a structured database like SQL Server or Bizztalk Server will remain the best. While choosing between SQL Server and Bizztalk Server, the former provides more suitable features to support the enterprise structure. According to (NADE, 2005), BizTalk Server makes the configuration of groups targeted towards a particular application possible. In particular, each single group can have the database acting as shared queue. While, another database one can be used for recording information on the progress of messages. To summarize, the Bizztalk Server provides the enterprise solution, facilitates in integration and provides orchestration services. The structured database will be able to maintain all the information in a well maintained fashion and the cost of the transaction of the data will not be very costly. Moreover, once the database will be designed the change in the database structure will not be very frequent, so the structure database choice will also benefit in this regard. External Sources: For a completely designed enterprise system, link with external sources is important like payment systems etc. For a pharmaceutical company, a portal to interlink the companies supplying or researching on chemicals will help in searching the chemical search coming in the marker and using those chemical in producing drugs. The link with external authoritative companies like food and drug administration (FDA), Worlds Health Organization and International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations (IFPMA) will enable scientists and researchers to communicate their tests and research in time and take their timely feedback to improve the results and manufacture a productive drug against to cure the disease. Customization:Basically, customization is the procedure of the portal configuration. It defines the overall appearance of portal including look and feel like layout and color scheme etc. declaring roles, integration of the external and internal data sources and defining a security policy. So, the choice of off-the shelf application is made instead of customized one. The choice follows keeping in mind the complexity of the portal. As the portal will be accessible in different countries and role based access will be provided, so the complexity of the users will increase and development of such a system which covers such a huge well settled company required a very strict and competent team of professionals which will add cost to the company. So, the company will customize an off-the shelf application and on turning the portal towards the users they will be able to personalize their experience by making changes in the content or layout to fulfill their particular business requirements. Content delivery:requires the capturing of external and internal content and providing it to the workers who need it. On the other hand, some portals provide the system administrators to declare a series of options or categories in the form of lists term taxonomy is also referred for this purpose. Users check the entire category list or tree to find the required information. On the other hand, a second approach includes publishing the content to the channel, which may become available to the subscribed users of the channel who will automatically be notified about the updates or the content availability. Thus, a knowledge base repository is essential for information sharing especially in a dynamic organization like Pharma Corp. Search:is the key in the research companies like Parma Corp. It is essential, especially when the researchers could not find their required information just by navigating through the portal. In most of the cases, it is assumed that people will try to search down maximum one or two category lists and will surrender if they could not reach nearest to their desired search category. To cope up with these situations, a context-sensitive search engine is preferred that can help locating the right and required information easily and quickly. The enterprise solution for Pharma Corp will also include this search engine to optimize the sear results in minimum possible time. The portal will also help providing the top most searched categories of employees to check the popularity of issues and interests of the scientists. Date or Application Integration:is critical for the rise of an Enterprise Information Portal (EIP). Users prefer integrated access to entire data and applications that they are required to complete their research in timely and well defined fashion. This Enterprise Information Portal (EIP) will be capable to access data from all available databases of Pharma Corp, including foregoing and previous sources. The portal would also be able to reach into the uncategorized file systems and will allow users to get access to Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Microsoft Exchange, and other data files. Moreover, this should provide an easy access to all the sites that publish the latest researches on drug manufacturing. In addition, users will be able to run applications ranging from plain desktop tools e.g. contact managers or e-mail etc. to enterprise applications e.g. ERP, CRM or supply chain, through the portal user interface(UI). Information Sharing:emphasize on participation, collaboration, publication, chat, threaded discussions and conferencing. Mostly, the companies manage their collaborative activities like workgroups and projects through their Enterprise Information System (EIP). For a company like Pharma Corp, sharing of information like tests is very important. Just in case, a team working on some drug in Australia performs some tests and meanwhile the same tests have been performed in United states, the sharing of information will help both teams, physically sitting far away, to compare their results or give feedback. This sharing will help reduce the testing time, getting valuable feedback in smart amount of time. The impact of this portal will be huge. This may provide edge to the scientists to share their knowledge with external food approving authorities and get timely approval. Communication Facility: The Enterprise Information System (EIB) for Pharma Corp facilitates in communication with both internal and external teams and companies. Modern IT environments are being challenged to make information timely accessible to a variety of internal or external user while preserving the contractual level service agreements. In order to harbor these requirements, the enterprise information portals are transforming as the primary tools for the IT organizations to share information and communicate not only within their organizations but also with their customers or partner companies. Todays advanced technology support the deployment and development of EIB by influencing industry standards and best of tech tools. Through EIB, the workers will be able to approach each other smartly. They will also be able to arrange conferences or individual meetings for seeking any help, suggestions and feedback. This approach will add a significant impact on the overall improvement in research drug and business. Intranet and Internet Tools: Now days, enterprises are thinking more about their customers, market, suppliers, product and their quality. An intranet is a network based architecture which serves the internal information requirements of an organization using Web-Internet. In detail, intranet is termed as a private network that works on TCP/IP protocols and internet for communication. Technically, intranets are the application of internet technology and specifically the World Wide Web (WWW) service for an authorized community of end users. In other words, intranet is a network that is especially designed for providing ease in fulfilling organizations internal requirements using Internet concepts. According to (Waghmode, S. S., Giri, V. V., 2010), Intranets are similar to the digital warehouses for storage retrieval of organizations Information, which contains significant importance for enterprises and organizations. The basic purpose of the intranet is to share information within the computing resources and organization among employees. The following points are cited for its popularity: Easier to install Simplicity of operation .Saves money .Reusability Save time of workers by sharing common and new resources. Sources for Relevant News: Keeping up-to-date makes businesses even more successful. Just to keep the workers up-to-date of all the latest news, technology and inventions in the market, another feature of relevant news is also included in the portal. As described above, the portal will be interlinked with external sources for getting access to all the latest news. Connections with Pharmaceutical Forums: For adding an effective contribution to the health and well-being of the human beings, the pharmaceutical industrys internal strategies must be according to the communitys needs. For example, according to (Growth, 2017) the European Commission organized the Process on Corporate Responsibility in the Field of Pharmaceuticals (2010-2103) in order to promote discussions on transparency and non-regularity conditions for smart access to drug production after getting the market authorization. Similarly, plenty of forums are which needed to be attended for seeking information and taking part in the discussion. This will purify scientists thoughts and approach toward their research. Decision Making: is of significant importance in the design of an enterprise information system. Decisions involve many aspects that need to be traded off. Enterprise information systems can help an organization in making productive decisions by facilitating with accurate and up to date information after applying analytic functions. EIP would be able to organize the basic available data collected from the entire companys branches including internal and external information and records. After, the data will be converted into reports for guidance in making the valid and right decisions. A companys decisions are projected in company results and require changes in the business strategy and overall aims. Addition of this feature in the Enterprise Information System can either provide built in trend analysis or the information that leads towards such analysis. In general, a typical business strategy includes projections for all basic analytical results. The trend analysis of these operations allows showing their outcomes and how they can be changed once you have implemented the necessary decisions. For example, the proposed enterprise system will contain the Pharma Corps employees popular searches, updates, successful tests and feedbacks. So, the existences of the entire information on one platform wills enable the company to make clever decisions that would benefit both the employee and the company. Role Based Security: The idea of a role comes out of the need to provide relevant functionality which is authorized as a single unit later. According to (Nyanchama, M., Osborn, S. L., 1994), a role can be taken as a job, a collection of functions and responsibility or a bunch of privileges pertaining to some duty requirements. Further, a role exists as an entity of the role holder or role administrator. It should be accommodated with functionality to enable only the authorized users to achieve the duty associated with the role. Hence, in EIP a certain role will be given the sufficient access rights to enable an authorized user or group to perform their duties. (Baldwin,1990) termed these as Named Protection Domains (NPDs). The portal will include role based access to distinguish the usage of each employee according to their designation and need. The feature will help securing the system and redistrict the access if overall information of the portal among employees. Risk Management: According to (Stoneburner, G., Goguen, A. Y., Feringa, A. 2002), risk management consists of three processes, Risk Assessment Evaluation Risk Mitigation Risk assessment process includes evaluation and identification of risks and its impacts including the recommendation of risk reducing measures. While risk mitigation refers to implementing and prioritizing the appropriate risk minimizing measures which are also recommended in the risk assessment process. The author proposes the DAA system authorizing official that is responsible for determining whether the remaining risk is at an acceptable level or the additional security controls should be implemented for further reduction or elimination in residual risk. In case of a pharmaceutical company which relies so deeply on an information system, risk assessment is essential to minimize the risk of loss in business. After the entire enterprise will shift on technology the redundancy of the data will be of equal importance as the security of the data. In this situation, keeping separate servers on different locations and migrating data, daily, for adding redundancy, in data, will be beneficial. The scheme will help in case of disasters. In case of any uncertain situation, one place will be affected the company would be able to recover the entire records from a different location. Summary: In the current era of rising technology, each organization wants to shift towards advanced online portals for maintaining their data and enhancing their business. The proposed Enterprise portal strategy is well designed keeping in mind all the essential factors that could give raise to the business and provide benefits to employees. The proposed system includes suitable and well developed database in addition of features like access to external forums, communication facility, decision making and role based security etc. All the proposed features will help the Pharma Corp to give more challenging products to the society. References: NADE, A. (2005). Enterprise integration Collins, H. (2003).Enterprise knowledge portals: next-generation portal solutions for dynamic information access, better decision making, and maximum results. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn Waghmode, S. S., Giri, V. V. (2010). INTRANET AND INTERNET Nyanchama, M., Osborn, S. L. (1994, August). Access Rights Administration in Role-Based Security Systems. InDBSec(pp. 37-56)W. Baldwin (May 1990). Naming Grouping Privileges to Simplify Security Management in Large Databases. In Proc. 1990 IEEE Symposium on Research in Security and Privacy (pp 116-132) Stoneburner, G., Goguen, A. Y., Feringa, A. (2002). Sp 800-30. risk management guide for information technology systems. is-types-five-level-pyramid-model 2013, url: https://eternalsunshineoftheismind.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/is-types-five-level-pyramid-model.png Corporate responsibility in the pharmaceutical industry - Growth - European Commission. (n.d.). Retrieved May 18, 2017, from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/healthcare/competitiveness/corporate-responsibility_en